{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:08:11Z","timestamp":1787846891326,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and highly aggressive plasma cell malignancy. Patients often present with a large number of circulating plasma cells and extramedullary organ involvement at an early stage of the disease, frequently accompanied by severe infections and organ dysfunction, resulting in a poor overall prognosis. Current treatment strategies for pPCL are largely extrapolated from intensive induction regimens used for multiple myeloma; however, therapeutic outcomes remain limited, particularly in patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and impaired immune function. Isatuximab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated favorable efficacy in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma, but clinical evidence supporting its use in pPCL is still lacking. Here, we report a critically ill, newly diagnosed patient with primary plasma cell leukemia harboring 1q21 gain and extensive malignant plasma cell infiltration in the pleural effusion, who achieved complete remission (CR) after one cycle of an isatuximab-based combination regimen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1815111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:54:58Z","timestamp":1778219698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rapid complete remission after one cycle of isatuximab-based quadruplet regimen in 1q21-positive primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minran","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6619","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of CD38 antibodies and their effect on anticancer efficacy in multiple 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isatuximab","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70042","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.70042","article-title":"Efficacy and prognostic indicators of isatuximab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (IsaPd) in daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma patients: a multicenter real-world study","volume":"43","author":"Martino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hematological Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.01.022","article-title":"European Myeloma Network Group review and consensus statement on primary plasma cell leukemia","volume":"36","author":"Musto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00156","article-title":"Molecular players in hematologic tumor cell trafficking","volume":"10","author":"Redondo-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-0336-z","article-title":"Genomic analysis of primary plasma cell leukemia reveals complex structural alterations and high-risk mutational patterns","volume":"10","author":"Schinke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in 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