{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:33:22Z","timestamp":1788449602901,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophil-associated diseases are a group of inflammatory disorders characterized by abnormal eosinophil infiltration, which significantly impacts patients\u2019 quality of life. Interleukin-5 (IL-5), a critical cytokine that regulates eosinophil development, activation, chemotaxis, and survival, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review systematically examines the molecular structure and signaling pathways of IL-5, its mechanisms of action in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the development and clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies (e.g., mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab) and other biologics targeting IL-5. Although IL-5-targeted therapies have yielded significant results, single-target interventions still exhibit limitations, including insufficient responses in certain patients. To address this, we explore the strategy of multi-target combination therapies, such as the synergistic inhibition of IL-5 with the IL-4\/IL-13 and IL-33\/ST2 pathways. We also discuss the potential of novel therapeutic approaches, including bispecific antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. Ultimately, multi-targeted precision therapies, tailored to individual inflammatory phenotypes, are anticipated to represent a new frontier in the management of eosinophil-associated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1817893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:59:26Z","timestamp":1775800766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Role of IL-5 in eosinophil-associated diseases and prospects for multi-target therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Weiying","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Wangqi Academy of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of 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