{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:06:54Z","timestamp":1784696814904,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                    has emerged as a clinically significant etiology of sexually transmitted infections that often establishes persistent infections within the female reproductive tract. Although the recruitment of neutrophils is a characteristic feature of the cervicitis associated with\n                    <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the molecular mechanisms that govern this response at the mucosal interface remain incompletely defined. In this study, the infection of endocervical epithelial cells with\n                    <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                    was observed to induce a robust increase in IL-33 protein that localized within the nucleus. The transcriptional induction of the gene encoding\n                    <jats:italic>IL-33<\/jats:italic>\n                    was mediated by a signaling axis involving Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which led to the nuclear translocation and promoter binding of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1) and 7 (IRF7). Within the nucleus, IL-33 physically complexed with the p65 subunit of NF-\u03baB. This interaction facilitated the recruitment and occupancy of p65 at the promoters of the genes encoding\n                    <jats:italic>CXCL1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic>\n                    , thereby specifically amplifying the secretion of these chemokines. Functional assays demonstrated that the secretion of chemokines dependent on nuclear IL-33 was required for the adhesion, chemotaxis, and oxidative activation of neutrophils. These findings identify a pathogenic mechanism whereby\n                    <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                    exploits the nuclear function of IL-33 to drive chronic neutrophilic inflammation and contribute to the immunopathology of the reproductive tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1820874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:50:10Z","timestamp":1784695810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nuclear IL-33 amplifies NF-\u03baB signaling to drive neutrophil recruitment and activation in the endocervical epithelium during Mycoplasma genitalium infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital","place":["Hengyang, China"]},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital","place":["Hengyang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhemin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital","place":["Hengyang, 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