{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:22:04Z","timestamp":1792718524938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":276,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bladder cancer, a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, possesses a highly heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment that critically influences disease progression, treatment response, and patient prognosis. The limitations of traditional tissue biopsies have spurred interest in non-invasive, dynamic, and spatially resolved assessment strategies. Radiomics enables non-invasive quantification of macroscopic tumor phenotypes through high-throughput extraction of medical imaging features, while spatial omics technologies, such as single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, reveal the fine-grained spatial architecture of cellular and molecular components within the tumor microenvironment. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in radiomics and spatial omics for characterizing the bladder cancer immune microenvironment, with a focus on their synergistic applications in elucidating immune cell spatial distribution, stromal heterogeneity, immune checkpoint expression, and therapy response prediction. Furthermore, we critically examine the current challenges in multi-omics data integration, model generalization, and clinical translation, and outline future directions driven by artificial intelligence, including multimodal fusion, dynamic monitoring, and personalized therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical outlook for precision medicine in bladder cancer, facilitating the translation of imaging-spatial omics from basic research to clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1821743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:59:08Z","timestamp":1783490348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perspective on the integration of radiomics and spatial omics in the analysis of the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer and prospects for precision diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunwei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00744-3","article-title":"Global trends in the epidemiology of bladder cancer: challenges for public health and clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"van Hoogstraten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2020.08.013","article-title":"Sex differences in bladder cancer immunobiology and outcomes: a collaborative review with implications for treatment","volume":"3","author":"Koti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.05.041","article-title":"EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2016","volume":"71","author":"Babjuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-59038-3_17","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer","volume":"1296","author":"Hatogai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063105","article-title":"Strategies for overcoming immune evasion in bladder cancer","volume":"25","author":"Shin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076743","article-title":"Advances in diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer","volume":"384","author":"Lopez-Beltran","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51273-7","article-title":"Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may improve antitumor immune response via reduction of regulatory T cells in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"14","author":"Ikarashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9962397","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves the immunosuppressive microenvironment of bladder cancer and increases the sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"2022","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.723817","article-title":"Identification of immune-related subtypes and characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration in bladder cancer","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-18-0758","article-title":"The tumor immune microenvironment drives a prognostic relevance that correlates with bladder cancer subtypes","volume":"7","author":"Pfannstiel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44028-3","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in bladder cancer identifies biologically distinct subtypes predicting prognosis and anti-PD-L1 responses","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.809588","article-title":"Multi-omics characterization of tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and immunotherapy resistance through cell states-based subtyping in bladder cancer","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57030220","article-title":"Imaging of bladder cancer: standard applications and future trends","volume":"57","author":"Abouelkheir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1027909","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing technologies in bladder cancer research: applications and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Lyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23523735251322017","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis in bladder cancer: current status and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114381","article-title":"Comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell analysis reveals glycolysis-related signatures as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response and their role in bladder cancer","volume":"152","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1600254","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomes reveals key B-cell genes and immune microenvironment regulation in bladder cancer","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010075","article-title":"Leveraging single-cell multi-omics to decode tumor microenvironment diversity and therapeutic resistance","volume":"18","author":"Sabit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm (Basel)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1649468","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics integration: new frontiers in tumor microenvironment and cellular communication","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.09.001","article-title":"Spatial oncology: translating contextual biology to the clinic","volume":"42","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2025.08.029","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of tumor stromal heterogeneity in bladder cancer by deep learning and habitat radiomics","volume":"32","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14194866","article-title":"CD8A as a prognostic and immunotherapy predictive biomarker can be evaluated by MRI radiomics features in bladder cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.930917","article-title":"Deep learning in bladder cancer imaging: a review","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27883-y","article-title":"Automatic segmentation of bladder cancer on MRI using a convolutional neural network and reproducibility of radiomics features: a two-center study","volume":"13","author":"Moribata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-06740-5","article-title":"In silico analysis of the immune microenvironment in bladder cancer","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102679","article-title":"Heterogeneity of modulatory immune microenvironment in bladder cancer","volume":"93","author":"El Saftawy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00933","article-title":"ATM mutations benefit bladder cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors by acting on the tumor immune microenvironment","volume":"11","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.692728","article-title":"Development and validation of a prognostic model for predicting overall survival in patients with bladder cancer: a SEER-based study","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.714267","article-title":"M6A classification combined with tumor microenvironment immune characteristics analysis of bladder cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37349\/etat.2024.00267","article-title":"Emerging molecular therapies in the treatment of bladder cancer","volume":"5","author":"Bell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor Target Antitumor Ther"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06138-6","article-title":"Epithelial cell diversity and immune remodeling in bladder cancer progression: insights from single-cell transcriptomics","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193011","article-title":"Activation of cGAS-STING signal to inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer: the immune effect of cisplatin","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23754","article-title":"A combination of ssGSEA and mass cytometry identifies immune microenvironment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.113521","article-title":"C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-positive regulatory T cells interact with tumor-associated macrophages to facilitate metastatic potential after radiation","volume":"198","author":"Chiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-23-1114","article-title":"Atypical B cells promote cancer progression and poor response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer","volume":"12","author":"Yolmo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00428-0","article-title":"Sex differences in the aging murine urinary bladder and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment of a carcinogen-induced model of bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Hamade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.174","article-title":"The BAFF receptor TACI controls IL-10 production by regulatory B cells and CLL B cells","volume":"30","author":"Saulep-Easton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03093","article-title":"Bacterial immunogenicity is critical for the induction of regulatory B cells in suppressing inflammatory immune responses","volume":"10","author":"Maerz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-21-0489","article-title":"Accounting for B-cell behavior and sampling bias predicts anti-PD-L1 response in bladder cancer","volume":"10","author":"Dyugay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03318-x","article-title":"Homogeneous polyporus polysaccharide inhibits bladder cancer by polarizing macrophages to M1 subtype in tumor microenvironment","volume":"21","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114119","article-title":"Histone lactylation regulates PRKN-mediated mitophagy to promote M2 macrophage polarization in bladder cancer","volume":"148","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.930352","article-title":"Identification of a six-gene prognostic signature for bladder cancer associated macrophage","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2024.101103","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages promote bladder cancer metastasis through the CCL20-CCR6 axis","volume":"60","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-021-00768-1","article-title":"Cancer derived exosomes induce macrophages immunosuppressive polarization to promote bladder cancer progression","volume":"19","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23663","article-title":"SPI1-mediated CXCL12 expression in bladder cancer affects the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"63","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-23-1065","article-title":"FGFR3 alterations in bladder cancer stimulate serine synthesis to induce immune-inert macrophages that suppress T-cell recruitment and activation","volume":"83","author":"Ouyang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109138","article-title":"Independent prognostic value of CLDN6 in bladder cancer based on M2 macrophages related signature","volume":"27","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70506","article-title":"IGF2BP2 shapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating monocyte and macrophage recruitment in bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202147","article-title":"The long noncoding RNA LINC01140\/miR-140-5p\/FGF9 axis modulates bladder cancer cell aggressiveness and macrophage M2 polarization","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-03676-3","article-title":"Mcl-1 downregulation enhances BCG treatment efficacy in bladder cancer by promoting macrophage polarization","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.050693","article-title":"Macrophages directly kill bladder cancer cells through TNF signaling as an early response to BCG therapy","volume":"17","author":"Martinez-Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2028980\/v1","article-title":"Effects of a dendritic cell vaccine loaded with whole tumor antigen on bladder cancer model in hu-PBL-SCID mice","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Dev Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0115748928329276241020184935","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of prognostic alternative splicing signatures in tumor immune infiltration in bladder cancer","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307024","article-title":"High-dose radiation-induced immunogenic cell death of bladder cancer cells leads to dendritic cell activation","volume":"19","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c14068","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum-targeting AIE photosensitizers to boost immunogenic cell death for immunotherapy of bladder carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-020-00396-3","article-title":"CXCL9 secreted by tumor-associated dendritic cells up-regulates PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer cells by activating the CXCR3 signaling","volume":"22","author":"Xiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd1346","article-title":"Dendritic cell targeting with Fc-enhanced CD40 antibody agonists induces durable antitumor immunity in humanized mouse models of bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Garris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102413","article-title":"Gold glyconanoparticles combined with 91-99 peptide of the bacterial toxin, listeriolysin O, are efficient immunotherapies in experimental bladder tumors","volume":"14","author":"Teran-Navarro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2312855121","article-title":"Tumor-neutrophil cross talk orchestrates the tumor microenvironment to determine the bladder cancer progression","volume":"121","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205613","article-title":"ETV4 mediated tumor-associated neutrophil infiltration facilitates lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23844","article-title":"Predictive value of neutrophil extracellular traps in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"64","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23086-z","article-title":"Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in radiation resistance of invasive bladder cancer","volume":"12","author":"Shinde-Jadhav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.106991","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps and reactive oxygen species: Predictors of prognosis in bladder cancer","volume":"273","author":"Mansourabadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020291","article-title":"Tumor infiltrating neutrophils are enriched in basal-type urothelial bladder cancer","volume":"9","author":"Mandelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02126-6","article-title":"Microbiota-shaped neutrophil senescence regulates sexual dimorphism in bladder cancer","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19802","article-title":"The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder cancer progression","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04303-3","article-title":"TGF-beta1 dominates stromal fibroblast-mediated EMT via the FAP\/VCAN axis in bladder cancer cells","volume":"21","author":"Ping","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03487-4","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblast derived CXCL14 drives cisplatin chemoresistance by enhancing nucleotide excision repair in bladder cancer","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303230","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblast-induced remodeling of tumor microenvironment in recurrent bladder cancer","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902659r","article-title":"CAFs-derived MFAP5 promotes bladder cancer Malignant behavior through NOTCH2\/HEY1 signaling","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-021-01259-5","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived HAPLN1 promotes tumour invasion through extracellular matrix remodeling in gastric cancer","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.12.15.422923","article-title":"Detection of PD-L1-expressing myeloid cell clusters in the hyaluronan-enriched stroma in tumor tissue and tumor-draining lymph nodes","volume":"208","author":"Dominguez-Gutierrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147248","article-title":"Tumor escape phenotype in bladder cancer is associated with loss of HLA class I expression, T-cell exclusion and stromal changes","volume":"22","author":"Gil-Julio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-01896-x","article-title":"The cancer-associated fibroblasts related gene CALD1 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer","volume":"21","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mou.0000000000001183","article-title":"Recent contributions of single-cell and spatial profiling to the understanding of bladder cancer","volume":"34","author":"Grausenburger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10103-7","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of alternative polyadenylation regulators concerning CD276 and immune infiltration in bladder cancer","volume":"22","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680096272663231121100515","article-title":"Immunologic crosstalk of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in bladder cancer","volume":"24","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/7864229","article-title":"Next-generation immune checkpoints and tumor microenvironment modulation in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"2026","author":"Bautista","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01499-1","article-title":"Targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.681320","article-title":"Clinical insights into novel immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2315419121","article-title":"Extraislet expression of islet antigen boosts T cell exhaustion to partially prevent autoimmune diabetes","volume":"121","author":"Selck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02327-3","article-title":"Revitalizing T cells: breakthroughs and challenges in overcoming T cell exhaustion","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.21.02010","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-powered spatial analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as complementary biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27222-3","article-title":"Multi-omics profiling identifies ESM1 as a key mediator of immunoevasion through the SPP1 pathway in bladder cancer","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010131","article-title":"Current landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Is there a role for additional T-cell blockade","volume":"16","author":"Ogbuji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103065","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes bladder cancer progression and immune escape by activating the IL22\/STAT3\/PD-L1 signaling cascade","volume":"97","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2023.100148","article-title":"Androgen receptor transcriptionally inhibits programmed death ligand-1 expression and influences immune escape in bladder cancer","volume":"103","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.crc-23-0493","article-title":"Role of Forkhead Box P3 in IFNgamma-mediated PD-L1 expression and bladder cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11157-x","article-title":"Immune inactivation by VISTA predicts clinical outcome and therapeutic benefit in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2021_210805n1113","article-title":"Genetic contributions of MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway to bladder cancer risk and recurrence","volume":"69","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13030422","article-title":"Proteasomal processing immune escape mechanisms in platinum-treated advanced bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Wessolly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13010156","article-title":"Differential role of NKG2A\/HLA-E interaction in the outcomes of bladder cancer patients treated with M. bovis BCG or other therapies","volume":"13","author":"Ruiz-Lorente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13231937","article-title":"Exploring the immunoresponse in bladder cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Ruiz-Lorente","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2020.03.003","article-title":"Effect of nitric oxide inhibition in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin bladder cancer treatment","volume":"98","author":"Langle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3892\/mi.2024.170","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as targets of emerging therapies and nanotherapies (Review)","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Int (Lond)"},{"key":"B96","article-title":"Sphingosine kinase 1 acts as a hypoxia-upregulated oncogene to regulate cell invasion and resistance to NK cell killing in bladder carcinoma cells","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s557690","article-title":"Nanomaterial-enhanced immunotherapy: advancing T-cell-based treatments for bladder cancer","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402x.2025.2538687","article-title":"Association of PD-1, LAG-3 and TIM-3 expression on intratumoral CD8 T-cells with response to atezolizumab in a real-world-evidence biomarker study for advanced urothelial carcinoma patients","volume":"14","author":"de Andrea","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6465","article-title":"MS4A4A-positive tumor-associated macrophages associate with poor prognosis and T-cell exhaustion in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"267","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cji.0000000000000466","article-title":"Immune co-inhibitory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, TIGIT, LAG-3, and TIM-3 in upper tract urothelial carcinomas: A large cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2025.4221","article-title":"NR4A3 suppresses bladder cancer progression by modulating autophagy via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"69","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Histochem"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-025-00785-0","article-title":"NR4A3 potentials M1-like macrophage polarization to facilitate anti-tumor immune responses in breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009358","article-title":"Impact of LAG-3\/FGL1 pathway on immune evasive contexture and clinical outcomes in advanced urothelial carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Yoshida","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6197","article-title":"Integration of peripheral blood- and tissue-based biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint blockade in urothelial carcinoma","volume":"261","author":"Vanguri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2021.854","article-title":"Genomic sequencing for bladder urothelial carcinoma and its clinical implications for immunotherapy","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30817","article-title":"Autophagy blockade potentiates cancer-associated immunosuppression through programmed death ligand-1 upregulation in bladder cancer","volume":"237","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3291-8_10","article-title":"Tissue slice culture and analysis of tumor-associated hyaluronan in urothelial carcinoma","volume":"2684","author":"Donelan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1097309","article-title":"Dysregulation of systemic soluble immune checkpoints in early breast cancer is attenuated following administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is associated with recovery of CD27, CD28, CD40, CD80, ICOS and GITR and substantially increased levels of PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3","volume":"13","author":"Rapoport","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104862","article-title":"Emerging biomarkers in bladder cancer: Translating molecular advances into precision oncology","volume":"215","author":"Ferro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.114618","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveal cellular heterogeneity and cancer cell-intrinsic major histocompatibility complex II expression in urothelial carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940774","article-title":"A novel cuproptosis-related molecular pattern and its tumor microenvironment characterization in colorectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659294","DOI":"10.1016\/s0302-2838(21)00918-0","article-title":"Ubiquitin modification patterns of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and the ubiquitin score to aid immunotherapy and targeted therapy","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01875-7","article-title":"Tumour immune microenvironment in resected thymic carcinomas as a predictor of clinical outcome","volume":"127","author":"Bocchialini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71873","article-title":"Spatial maps of hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptomes reveal spatial expression patterns in tumor immune microenvironment","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.690105","article-title":"STINGing the tumor microenvironment to promote therapeutic tertiary lymphoid structure development","volume":"12","author":"Filderman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70062","article-title":"From lymphotoxin to tertiary lymphoid structures and beyond","volume":"335","author":"Ruddle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-026-04394-z","article-title":"KSR2 functions as a metabolic checkpoint for anti-PD-1 resistance by reprogramming glucose metabolism","volume":"75","author":"Ge","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.90819","article-title":"B7-H3 suppresses CD8(+) T cell immunologic function through reprogramming glycolytic metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-013809","article-title":"Targeting RRBP1 reverses immune evasion and enhances immunotherapy efficacy via the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis in bladder cancer","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-024-03492-1","article-title":"GALNT6 promotes bladder cancer Malignancy and immune escape by epithelial-mesenchymal transition and CD8(+) T cells","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2022.2020650","article-title":"Understanding resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Tarantino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2024.189162","article-title":"T cell exhaustion in human cancers","volume":"1879","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.11.002","article-title":"The allergy mediator histamine confers resistance to immunotherapy in cancer patients via activation of the macrophage histamine receptor H1","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1617906","article-title":"Multiplex imaging analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment for guiding precision immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mou.0000000000001357","article-title":"The role of pathology in immunotherapy and targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Fanelli","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14241994","article-title":"Modeling drug and radiation resistance with patient-derived organoids: Recent progress, unmet needs, and future directions for lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111749","article-title":"Non-invasive imaging biomarkers in chronic liver disease","volume":"181","author":"Maino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqaf046","article-title":"Radiomic phenotype of peri-coronary adipose tissue as a potential non-invasive imaging tool for detecting atrial fibrillation","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102469","article-title":"Machine learning and radiomics applications in esophageal cancers using non-invasive imaging methods-a critical review of literature","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mou.0000000000001090","article-title":"PET in bladder cancer imaging","volume":"33","author":"Muin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8749","article-title":"Tumor heterogeneity estimation for radiomics in cancer","volume":"39","author":"Eloyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.71046","article-title":"The progress of multimodal imaging combination and subregion based radiomics research of cancers","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2020.05.006","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support systems using advanced medical imaging and radiomics","volume":"50","author":"Shaikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mou.0000000000000884","article-title":"Future artificial intelligence tools and perspectives in medicine","volume":"31","author":"Chaddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13132300","article-title":"MRI-based radiomics in bladder cancer: A systematic review and radiomics quality score assessment","volume":"13","author":"Boca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01840-3","article-title":"A radiomics-based interpretable machine learning model to predict the HER2 status in bladder cancer: a multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20221086","article-title":"Systematic radiomics analysis based on multiparameter MRI to preoperatively predict the expression of Ki67 and histological grade in patients with bladder cancer","volume":"96","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591742","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1817596","article-title":"Machine learning-based radiomics for bladder cancer staging: evaluating the role of imaging timing in differentiating T2 from T3 disease","volume":"15","author":"Lisson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4285171","article-title":"Analysis of bladder cancer staging prediction using deep residual neural network, radiomics, and RNA-Seq from high-definition CT images","volume":"2024","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genet Res (Camb)"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15760-5","article-title":"Preoperative prediction of muscle invasiveness in bladder cancer: The role of 3D volumetric radiomics using diffusion-weighted MRI, the VI-RADS score, or a combination of both","volume":"31","author":"Sam Ozdemir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16152668","article-title":"Impact of preprocessing parameters in medical imaging-based radiomic studies: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Trojani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjrai\/ubaf006","article-title":"Impact of artificial intelligence-based and traditional image preprocessing and resampling on MRI-based radiomics for classification of papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJR Artif Intell"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14038","article-title":"T2w-MRI signal normalization affects radiomics features reproducibility","volume":"47","author":"Scalco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00043","article-title":"Correction for magnetic field inhomogeneities and normalization of voxel values are needed to better reveal the potential of MR radiomic features in lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"Lacroix","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16609-1","article-title":"AutoComBat: a generic method for harmonizing MRI-based radiomic features","volume":"12","author":"Carre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/or.2023.029494","article-title":"Progress in research on tumor microenvironment-based spatial omics technologies","volume":"31","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol Res"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03008916241271458","article-title":"Advances in spatial multi-omics in tumors","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62593-1","article-title":"Thor: a platform for cell-level investigation of spatial transcriptomics and histology","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf152","article-title":"ROICellTrack: a deep learning framework for integrating cellular imaging modalities in subcellular spatial transcriptomic profiling of tumor tissues","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-1683(23)01486-6","article-title":"Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling reveals higher intratumour heterogeneity and epithelial-fibroblast interactions in recurrent bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.08.674862","article-title":"Tumor-myeloid crosstalk drives therapy resistance in localized bladder cancer","volume-title":"Biorxiv","author":"Carvalho","year":"2025"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68706-1_4342","article-title":"Moving translational mass spectrometry imaging towards transparent and reproducible data analyses: a case study of an urothelial cancer cohort analyzed in the Galaxy framework","volume":"19","author":"Foll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.11.008","article-title":"Spatial relationships in the tumor microenvironment demonstrate association with pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"85","author":"Beckabir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-024-00703-x","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial proteo-transcriptomic profiling reveals immune infiltration heterogeneity associated with neuroendocrine features in small cell lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00879-y","article-title":"Spatial multi-omics analyses of the tumor immune microenvironment","volume":"29","author":"Hsieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04057-3","article-title":"Mapping molecular landscapes in triple-negative breast cancer: insights from spatial transcriptomics","volume":"398","author":"Al-Mansour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202410998","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures are linked to enhanced antitumor immunity and better prognosis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300110","article-title":"S100A5 attenuates efficiency of anti-PD-L1\/PD-1 immunotherapy by inhibiting CD8(+) T cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity in bladder carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007230","article-title":"Bladder cancer intrinsic LRFN2 drives anticancer immunotherapy resistance by attenuating CD8(+) T cell infiltration and functional transition","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0328816","article-title":"Deep learning-based spatial analysis on tumor and immune cells of pathology images predicts MIBC prognosis","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215440","article-title":"Single-cell proteomic analysis dissects the complexity of tumor microenvironment in muscle invasive bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2021.05.002","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in outcomes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a role of CD163+ macrophages, B cells, and PD-L1 immune checkpoint","volume":"29","author":"Chenard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-011319","article-title":"Malevolent alliance of MYBL2(hi) cancer stem cell and SPP1+ macrophage confers resistance to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094776","article-title":"Spatial distribution of macrophage and lymphocyte subtypes within tumor microenvironment to predict recurrence of non-muscle-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma after BCG immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Drachneris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4189881\/v1","article-title":"IGHA1 and IGHG1 expression panel predicts anti-PD-L1 response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06358-w","article-title":"Spatial relationships and interactions of immune cell niches are linked to the pathologic response of muscle-invasive bladder cancer to neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"23","author":"Wahafu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05685-8","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis unveils the predictive value of IGF2BP3\/SPHK1 signaling in cancer stem cells for prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-2025-912","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial analysis reveals macrophage-T cell crosstalk in non-small cell lung cancer immunosuppression","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1618439","article-title":"Taurine-mediated metabolic immune crosstalk indicates and promotes immunosuppression with anti-PD-1 resistance in bladder cancer","volume":"16","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2022.100040","article-title":"Single-cell phenotyping of CD73 expression reveals the diversity of the tumor immune microenvironment and reflects the prognosis of bladder cancer","volume":"12","author":"Izawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.103175","article-title":"TBX3 shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment and induces immunotherapy resistance","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5535578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2022.06.002","article-title":"IL-6 promotes the proliferation and immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the MAPK signaling pathway in bladder cancer","volume":"2021","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2025.102351","article-title":"Phenotypic diversity of immunosuppressive B cells associated in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"23","author":"Raja","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-019-0263-6","article-title":"Competitive glucose metabolism as a target to boost bladder cancer immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Afonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01884-5","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI and artificial intelligence in predicting and monitoring treatment response in bladder cancer","volume":"16","author":"Arita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06486-3","article-title":"Advances in tumor subclone formation and mechanisms of growth and invasion","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.607090","article-title":"Identification of an IRGP signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficiency in bladder cancer","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2636-9","article-title":"ImSpiRE: image feature-aided spatial resolution enhancement method","volume":"68","author":"Hua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02019-9","article-title":"Inferring super-resolution tissue architecture by integrating spatial transcriptomics with histology","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac901","article-title":"DeepST: identifying spatial domains in spatial transcriptomics by deep learning","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.004","article-title":"Single-cell genomics and spatial transcriptomics: discovery of novel cell states and cellular interactions in liver physiology and disease biology","volume":"73","author":"Saviano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162042","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomic technologies","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.147544","article-title":"Procymidone residue detection in Allium tuberosum using feature-level data fusion of colorimetric sensor arrays and electronic nose sensor arrays: comparison of heterogeneous data fusion methods","volume":"501","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3413","article-title":"Identification of geographical origins of Gastrodia elata Blume based on multisource data fusion","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytochem Anal"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.140737","article-title":"Rapid discriminant analysis for the origin of specialty yam based on multispectral data fusion strategies","volume":"460","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42660","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.16.665110","article-title":"One section, two worlds: single-cell integration of MALDI-MSI and spatial transcriptomics on the same single tissue section","volume":"15","author":"Hendriks","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02948-0","article-title":"Integration of imaging-based and sequencing-based spatial omics mapping on the same tissue section via DBiTplus","author":"Enninful","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.690049","article-title":"Graph neural networks and their current applications in bioinformatics","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcbb.2024.3416341","article-title":"Intra-inter graph representation learning for protein-protein binding sites prediction","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae551","article-title":"Multimodal contrastive learning for spatial gene expression prediction using histology images","volume":"25","author":"Min","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.28231","article-title":"Magnifying glass on sinonasal NUT carcinoma heterogeneity via spatial transcriptomics","volume":"48","author":"Bell","year":"2026","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02290-z","article-title":"stGRL: spatial domain identification, denoising, and imputation algorithm for spatial transcriptome data based on multi-task graph contrastive representation learning","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1699134","article-title":"Single-cell\/spatial integration reveals an MES2-like glioblastoma program orchestrated by immune communication and regulatory networks","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202413702","article-title":"Longitudinal MRI-driven multi-modality approach for predicting pathological complete response and B cell infiltration in breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr1576","article-title":"A multimodal and fully automated system for prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03567-7","article-title":"Multimodal fusion transformer network for multispectral pedestrian detection in low-light condition","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08857-6","article-title":"A deep learning model combining multimodal radiomics, clinical and imaging features for differentiating ocular adnexal lymphoma from idiopathic orbital inflammation","volume":"32","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mnm.0000000000001543","article-title":"Radiomics: a quantitative imaging biomarker in precision oncology","volume":"43","author":"Jha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2025.08.003","article-title":"Long-range deployment of tumor-antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes inhibits lung metastasis of breast cancer","volume":"61","author":"Xing","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abn5029","article-title":"CD200(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are crucial for efficacious anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 therapy","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adi7418","article-title":"LRIG1 engages ligand VISTA and impairs tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell responses","volume":"9","author":"Ta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tip.2020.3021789","article-title":"Unified generative adversarial networks for controllable image-to-image translation","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.02.042","article-title":"SuperstarGAN: generative adversarial networks for image-to-image translation in large-scale domains","volume":"162","author":"Ko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.103040","article-title":"Transformer with convolution and graph-node co-embedding: An accurate and interpretable vision backbone for predicting gene expressions from local histopathological image","volume":"91","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2024.100759","article-title":"Nextflow pipeline for Visium and H&E data from patient-derived xenograft samples","volume":"4","author":"Domanskyi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Methods"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36583-2","article-title":"CT image-derived radiomics predicts molecular subtypes in bladder urothelial carcinoma: Validation of a non-invasive classification strategy","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-025-11350-z","article-title":"TMolNet: A task-aware multimodal neural network for molecular property prediction","volume":"30","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol Divers"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.107165","article-title":"Robust multimodal fusion network using adversarial learning for brain tumor grading","volume":"226","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs BioMed"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/edbk-25-473590","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning innovations to improve design and representativeness in oncology clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"Azenkot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26168002","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for multiscale spatial analysis in oncology: Current applications and future implications","volume":"26","author":"Tarhini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/shti251454","article-title":"Explainable AI for healthcare","volume":"330","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12101058","article-title":"Application of explainable artificial intelligence based on visual explanation in digestive endoscopy","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1024195","article-title":"Toward explainable AI-empowered cognitive health assessment","volume":"11","author":"Javed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-023-02320-2","article-title":"Interpreting deep learning models for glioma survival classification using visualization and textual explanations","volume":"23","author":"Osadebey","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094543","article-title":"Saliency map and deep learning in binary classification of brain tumours","volume":"23","author":"Chmiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju9.0000000000000310","article-title":"Population-specific radiomics from biparametric magnetic resonance imaging improves prostate cancer risk stratification in African American men","volume":"3","author":"Midya","year":"2025","journal-title":"JU Open Plus"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1373330","article-title":"Development and validation of an MRI-based nomogram to predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy for brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad801","article-title":"STAMarker: Determining spatial domain-specific variable genes with saliency maps in deep learning","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114334","article-title":"External validity in translational biomedicine: Understanding the conditions enabling the cause to have an effect","volume":"14","author":"Dirnagl","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c09027","article-title":"Carrier-free nanodrugs: From bench to bedside","volume":"18","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.32269","article-title":"Noninvasive prediction of occult peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer using deep learning","volume":"4","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2589-7500(22)00022-x","article-title":"Deep learning-enabled coronary CT angiography for plaque and stenosis quantification and cardiac risk prediction: An international multicentre study","volume":"4","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16316","article-title":"A combined non-enhanced CT radiomics and clinical variable machine learning model for differentiating benign and Malignant sub-centimeter pulmonary solid nodules","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11706","article-title":"Predictive modeling of obstructive sleep apnea using pharyngeal magnetic resonance imaging radiomics and clinical data","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106609","article-title":"Interpretation of radiomics features-a pictorial review","volume":"215","author":"Abbasian Ardakani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs BioMed"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1662401","article-title":"MRI-based radiomic clustering identifies a glioblastoma subtype enriched for neural stemness and proliferative programs","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01965-9","article-title":"AI-driven multi-omics integration in precision oncology: Bridging the data deluge to clinical decisions","volume":"26","author":"Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338231218227","article-title":"Radiomic models predict tumor microenvironment using artificial intelligence-the novel biomarkers in breast cancer immune microenvironment","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-23-0699","article-title":"Spatial dissection of the immune landscape of solid tumors to advance precision medicine","volume":"12","author":"Di Mauro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.03.004","article-title":"Conserved spatial subtypes and cellular neighborhoods of cancer-associated fibroblasts revealed by single-cell spatial multi-omics","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.05.036","article-title":"Spatially resolved multi-omics single-cell analyses inform mechanisms of immune dysfunction in pancreatic cancer","volume":"165","author":"Yousuf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009879","article-title":"Spatial patterns and MRI-based radiomic prediction of high peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structure density in hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-024-03755-2","article-title":"Tumor stroma ratio, tumor stroma maturity, tumor-infiltrating immune cells in relation to prognosis, and neoadjuvant therapy response in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma","volume":"486","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110938","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment-based classification for predicting gastric cancer prognosis","volume":"197","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0959-8049(20)30819-4","article-title":"Tumor-stroma ratio is associated with Miller-Payne score and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-negative early breast cancer","volume":"149","author":"Hagenaars","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/js9.0000000000001999","article-title":"Correlation of noninvasive imaging of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with survival and BCG immunotherapy response in patients with bladder cancer: A multicentre cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.6019\/s-biad1115","article-title":"Deciphering functional tumor-immune crosstalk through highly multiplexed imaging and deep visual proteomics","volume":"85","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hep.0000000000000591","article-title":"Spatial proteomics of immune microenvironment in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"79","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.02.047","article-title":"CT image-based radiomic analysis for detecting PD-L1 expression status in bladder cancer patients","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116073","article-title":"A spatial imaging-transcriptomics paradigm for deciphering the molecular basis of microscopic MRI in the normal brain and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"44","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.08.028","article-title":"Deep learning model for pathological grading and prognostic assessment of lung cancer using CT imaging: A study on NLST and external validation cohorts","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11563-8","article-title":"Short-term intra- and peri-tumoral spatiotemporal CT radiomics for predicting major pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"35","author":"Bao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf0837","article-title":"Radiogenomic-based multiomic analysis reveals imaging intratumor heterogeneity phenotypes and therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpet.2021.09.001","article-title":"Clinical applications of artificial intelligence in positron emission tomography of lung cancer","volume":"17","author":"Zukotynski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pet Clin"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2263-1501","article-title":"Body composition analysis by radiological imaging - methods, applications, and prospects","volume":"196","author":"Linder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-020-01487-8","article-title":"Next-generation radiogenomics sequencing for prediction of EGFR and KRAS mutation status in NSCLC patients using multimodal imaging and machine learning algorithms","volume":"22","author":"Shiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105152","article-title":"Impact of tumour stroma-immune interactions on survival prognosis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpet.2022.09.008","article-title":"Multi-scale temporal imaging: From micro- and meso- to macro-scale-time nuclear medicine","volume":"18","author":"Farhadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pet Clin"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08426-3","article-title":"CT-based radiomics to predict muscle invasion in bladder cancer","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2022.101581","article-title":"N6-methyladenosine-related lncRNAs in combination with computational histopathology and radiomics predict the prognosis of bladder cancer","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-023-02386-y","article-title":"Tumor immune microenvironment and clinical outcomes in stage IV urothelial cancer: YODO study","volume":"28","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-025-00947-z","article-title":"Integrated spatial transcriptome and metabolism study reveals metabolic heterogeneity in human bladder cancer","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218407","article-title":"High stroma T-cell infiltration is associated with better survival in stage pT1 bladder cancer","volume":"21","author":"Hulsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B254","article-title":"Ispat-3d: Spatially varying conditional volumetric network estimation for 3d tumor imaging","volume-title":"Biorxiv","author":"Bhadury","year":"2026"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-05045-8","article-title":"Tumor immune microenvironment and immune phenotypes in PD-L1-tested canine urothelial carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Muscatello","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"B256","article-title":"Tumor-immune microenvironment revealed by imaging mass cytometry in a metastatic sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma with a prolonged response to pembrolizumab","volume":"8","author":"Alnajar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04254-2","article-title":"Immunological profile of the tumor immune microenvironment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma predicts recurrence patterns","volume":"75","author":"Takahashi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.899897","article-title":"Feasibility study on predicting recurrence risk of bladder cancer based on radiomics features of multiphase CT images","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01662-3","article-title":"Enhancing recurrence risk prediction for bladder cancer using multi-sequence MRI radiomics","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i42.6638","article-title":"Nomograms and risk score models for predicting survival in rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6026\/973206300210534","article-title":"Effect and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic lung cancer: A retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2023.02.006","article-title":"A single-institution retrospective study of three-fraction HDR accelerated partial breast irradiation","volume":"22","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09680-x","article-title":"The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative provides a cohort for large-scale studies","volume":"648","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.04.012","article-title":"Insights into colorectal cancer screening: A multidatabase cohort study of over 1.5 million Taiwanese","volume":"67","author":"Hsiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2025.110890","article-title":"Externally validated digital decision support tool for time-to-osteoradionecrosis risk-stratification using right-censored multi-institutional observational cohorts","volume":"207","author":"Humbert-Vidan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdae157","article-title":"Enhancing clinical decision-making: An externally validated machine learning model for predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in gliomas using radiomics from presurgical magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"6","author":"Lost","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol Adv"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6504-5","article-title":"A systematic review reporting quality of radiomics research in neuro-oncology: Toward clinical utility and quality improvement using high-dimensional imaging features","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2020.08.007","article-title":"Variability of computed tomography radiomics features of fibrosing interstitial lung disease: A test-retest study","volume":"188","author":"Prayer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10828-z","article-title":"Identification of immunotherapy-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis, immunotherapy responses and drug candidates in bladder cancer","volume":"23","author":"Hui","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1171420","article-title":"Machine learning-based identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cell-associated model with appealing implications in improving prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer patients","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70249","article-title":"Multi-omics integration for advancing glioma precision medicine","volume":"13","author":"Guarnaccia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1810793","article-title":"Explainable deep learning approaches and clinical insights for cancer biomarker identification","volume":"16","author":"Srivastava","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2025.109152","article-title":"Explainable multimodal fusion for breast carcinoma diagnosis: A systematic review, open problems, and future directions","volume":"274","author":"Hassan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs BioMed"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-023-01022-0","article-title":"Radiomics predictive modeling from dual-time-point FDG PET K(i) parametric maps: Application to chemotherapy response in lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Samimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-024-02409-6","article-title":"Development and validation of survival prognostic models for head and neck cancer patients using machine learning and dosiomics and CT radiomics features: A multicentric study","volume":"19","author":"Mansouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2024.03.002","article-title":"Single-cell approaches define two groups of mammalian oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their evolution over developmental time","volume":"19","author":"Dennis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1821743\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:59:12Z","timestamp":1783490352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1821743\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":276,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1821743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1821743","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"article-number":"1821743"}}