{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:49:04Z","timestamp":1793659744243,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C3005472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C3005472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI23C0521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI23C0521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut microbiota and humoral immunity have been suggested as key players in the pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren disease (SjD), but their mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we transferred the gut microbiota of SjD-like autoimmune dry eye disease model mice to B6 mice, then characterized the resulting gut microbiome composition, clinical ocular phenotype, and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire. Notable changes were observed in the gut microbiome of NOD-FMT mice, accompanied by SjD-like clinical features, including elevated corneal fluorescein staining scores, reduced tear production, increased IL-6 mRNA levels, and decreased MUC5AC mRNA levels. Additionally, stereotypic B cell receptor (BCR) clonotypes were shared at significantly higher frequencies in NOD-FMT mice than in controls. The majority of B cell clones encoding these stereotypic clonotypes developed and expanded locally in the lacrimal gland, and some also achieved systemic presence. These results uncover a gut\u2013ocular immune axis in which microbiota transfer induces stereotyped, systemically disseminating BCR clonotypes that contribute to the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune dry eye disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:28:56Z","timestamp":1781584136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gut microbiota transfer from autoimmune dry eye mice imprints stereotypic B cell receptor repertoires in the lacrimal gland and induces disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Seonghwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soobin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewoong","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd.","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Suk","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerim","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd.","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Jae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kum-Joo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd.","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd.","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namphil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansol","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd.","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunjae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Ho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunghoon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junho","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Institute on Aging, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mee Kum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01268-z","article-title":"2023 international Rome consensus for the nomenclature of Sj\u00f6gren disease","volume":"21","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025676","article-title":"Primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: new clinical and therapeutic concepts","volume":"64","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-823026-8.00096-1","article-title":"The epidemiology of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218213","article-title":"Microbiome in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: here we are","volume":"81","author":"van der Meulen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Sjogren syndrome","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Carsons","year":"2024"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.17718","article-title":"Reviewing primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: beyond the dryness - From pathophysiology to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Both","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13145","article-title":"Disease mechanisms in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: What do we know","volume":"95","author":"Jonsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab466","article-title":"New developments in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Thalayasingam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216114","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome with topical and systemic therapies","volume":"79","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104389","article-title":"Biologics in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Skarlis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13178","article-title":"Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body","volume":"509","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1238-8","article-title":"The Integrative Human Microbiome Project","volume":"569","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1600266","article-title":"The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18848","article-title":"The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease","volume":"535","author":"Honda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18847","article-title":"The microbiome and innate immunity","volume":"535","author":"Thaiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7201","article-title":"Translocation of a gut pathobiont drives autoimmunity in mice and humans","volume":"359","author":"Manfredo Vieira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","article-title":"Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation","volume":"157","author":"Belkaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313017","article-title":"European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice","volume":"66","author":"Cammarota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000115","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot clinical trial","volume":"114","author":"Allegretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)30182-4","article-title":"Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Paramsothy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2693","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review","volume":"162","author":"Drekonja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1205037","article-title":"Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile","volume":"368","author":"van Nood","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084420940623","article-title":"Characterizing microbiota from Sjogren\u2019s syndrome patients","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"JDR Clin Trans Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277270","article-title":"Characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome in Northern China","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8443","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228443","article-title":"Can gut microbiota affect dry eye syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.852918","article-title":"Gut microbiota from Sjogren syndrome patients causes decreased T regulatory cells in the lymphoid organs and desiccation-induced corneal barrier disruption in mice","volume":"9","author":"Schaefer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.2012.01124.x","article-title":"Germinal center selection and the development of memory B and plasma cells","volume":"247","author":"Shlomchik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2511","article-title":"Innate B cell helpers reveal novel types of antibody responses","volume":"14","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086907","article-title":"Predominant autoantibody production by early human B cell precursors","volume":"301","author":"Wardemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.110","article-title":"Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Nocturne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66990-5","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"366","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1811419a0","article-title":"Antibody production by single cells","volume":"181","author":"Nossal","year":"1958","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1595-3","article-title":"Analysis of the B cell receptor repertoire in six immune-mediated diseases","volume":"574","author":"Bashford-Rogers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B34","article-title":"Report of the National Eye Institute\/Industry workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes","volume":"21","author":"Lemp","year":"1995","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243176","article-title":"Effect of IRT5 probiotics on dry eye in the experimental dry eye mouse model","volume":"15","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17041-7","article-title":"Analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabd6990","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd6990","article-title":"Stereotypic neutralizing VHantibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain in patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1136","article-title":"IMGT\u00ae databases, related tools and web resources through three main axes of research and development","volume":"50","author":"Manso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt382","article-title":"IgBLAST: an immunoglobulin variable domain sequence analysis tool","volume":"41","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2021.21.e34","article-title":"Induction of anti-aquaporin 5 autoantibody production by immunization with a peptide derived from the aquaporin of Prevotella melaninogenica leads to reduced salivary flow in mice","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-1759(00)00221-0","article-title":"Methods for the generation of chicken monoclonal antibody fragments by phage display","volume":"242","author":"Andris-Widhopf","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Phage Display: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Barbas","year":"2001"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot108569","article-title":"Preparation of VCSM13 helper phage for display library reamplification and bio-panning","volume":"2025","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Protoc"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517717965","article-title":"Functional epitopes for anti-aquaporin 5 antibodies in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Alam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141045","article-title":"A novel human scFv library with non-combinatorial synthetic CDR diversity","volume":"10","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33037","article-title":"A self-inducible heterologous protein expression system in Escherichia coli","volume":"6","author":"Briand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-020-01063-x","article-title":"Optimization of Tris\/EDTA\/Sucrose (TES) periplasmic extraction for the recovery of functional scFv antibodies","volume":"10","author":"Ghamghami","year":"2020","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47743-1","article-title":"An ancestral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces anti-Omicron variants antibodies by hypermutation","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_157_18","article-title":"Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data","volume":"22","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.x","article-title":"A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Austral Ecol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2013.0480","article-title":"Too big to fail: Large samples and the p-value problem","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf Syst Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.68.1.425","article-title":"Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels","volume":"68","author":"Borgnia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780221","article-title":"Abnormal distribution of aquaporin-5 water channel protein in salivary glands from Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patients","volume":"81","author":"Steinfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-016-8786-x","article-title":"Detection of autoantibodies against aquaporin-5 in the sera of patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Alam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11620\/ijob.2020.45.4.211","article-title":"Induction of anti-aquaporin 5 autoantibodies by molecular mimicry in mice","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Biol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.03.002","article-title":"Autoantibodies in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Fayyaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939108997142","article-title":"Local IgA and IgM rheumatoid factor production in autoimmune MRL\/lpr mice","volume":"10","author":"Jonsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01158","article-title":"Recent advances in mouse models of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841112","DOI":"10.1515\/9781478021209-044","article-title":"Analysis of conjunctival sac microbiome in dry eye patients with and without Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229029","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis is prevailing in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome and is related to dry eye severity","volume":"15","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.10.009","article-title":"Shared gut, but distinct oral microbiota composition in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"97","author":"van der Meulen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.1.67","article-title":"Autoimmune syndromes in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) congenic strains of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The NOD MHC is dominant for insulitis and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes","volume":"176","author":"Wicker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<150::aid-art18>3.0.co;2-t","article-title":"A novel NOD-derived murine model of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Robinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.1.382","article-title":"IL-4-STAT6 signal transduction-dependent induction of the clinical phase of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome-like disease of the nonobese diabetic mouse","volume":"179","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5258","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065258","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of extracellular vesicles from iPS-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the onset of sialadenitis in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome are mediated by immunomodulatory splenocytes and improved by inhibiting miR-125b","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7863","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157863","article-title":"Inhibition of aberrant \u03b1(1,2)-fucosylation at ocular surface ameliorates dry eye disease","volume":"22","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081857","article-title":"Age-dependent distinct distributions of dendritic cells in autoimmune dry eye murine model","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.3.42","article-title":"IRT5 probiotics changes immune modulatory protein expression in the extraorbital lacrimal glands of an autoimmune dry eye mouse model","volume":"61","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00188793","article-title":"C57BL\/6 and C57BL\/10 inbred mouse strains differ at multiple loci on chromosome 4","volume":"39","author":"McClive","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01243-w","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain","volume":"10","author":"Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B72","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stress produced by gavage administration in the rat","volume":"39","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"B73","article-title":"A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down: a novel technique to improve oral gavage in mice","volume":"49","author":"Hoggatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23561","article-title":"Altered mucosal microbiome diversity and disease severity in Sjogren syndrome","volume":"6","author":"de Paiva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974","article-title":"The gut microbiota--masters of host development and physiology","volume":"11","author":"Sommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2564-6","article-title":"Mucosal or systemic microbiota exposures shape the B cell repertoire","volume":"584","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190982","article-title":"Characterization of the naive murine antibody repertoire using unamplified high-throughput sequencing","volume":"13","author":"Rettig","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01384","article-title":"B cells are indispensable for a novel mouse model of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7176","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137176","article-title":"Upregulated chemokine and Rho-GTPase genes define immune cell emigration into salivary glands of Sjogren\u2019s syndrome-susceptible C57BL\/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice","volume":"22","author":"Peck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2187","article-title":"Sjogren\u2019s syndrome (SjS)-like disease of mice: the importance of B lymphocytes and autoantibodies","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103241","article-title":"Outer membrane protein of gut commensal microorganism induces autoantibody production and extra-intestinal gland inflammation in mice","volume":"19","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39002","article-title":"Stereotypic rheumatoid factors that are frequently expressed in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphomas are rare in the labial salivary glands of patients with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Bende","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40352","article-title":"Accumulation of antigen-driven lymphoproliferations in complement receptor 2\/CD21(-\/low) B cells from patients with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Glauzy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311983120","article-title":"Normal and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome models of the murine lacrimal gland studied at single-cell resolution","volume":"120","author":"Rattner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3154","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of mouse B cell terminal differentiation defines a signature for antibody-secreting plasma cells","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13574","article-title":"Immune complexome analysis reveals the presence of immune complexes and identifies disease-specific immune complex antigens in saliva samples from patients with Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"204","author":"Yamane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilw029","article-title":"Protecting animals and enabling research in the European Union: An overview of development and implementation of Directive 2010\/63\/EU","volume":"57","author":"Olsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41684-024-01476-2","article-title":"Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research","volume":"53","author":"Lauwereyns","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Anim (NY)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827057\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:29:04Z","timestamp":1781584144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827057\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"article-number":"1827057"}}