{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:04:25Z","timestamp":1780985065549,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The unique ability of V\u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells to recognize targets in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner makes them promising candidates for immunotherapy. This review explores the biological underpinnings of their advantages, particularly their ability to penetrate and migrate through solid tumors, their antigenic promiscuity, and their functional plasticity in inflammatory tumor microenvironments. Based on this, we analyze the therapeutic pipeline derived from this biology, including targeted antibodies, bispecific molecules and a new generation of cellular products, among which chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered constructs have shown encouraging clinical responses. Nonetheless, translation into the clinic can often present challenges; we tackle the unresolved issues of product standardization, subset complexity, and microenvironmental suppression, offering practical ways forward. This review aims to serve as a reference to deepen the understanding of the anti-tumor value of V\u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and facilitate their translational development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:44:06Z","timestamp":1780983846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Harnessing V\u03b41+ T cells for next-generation immunotherapy: from mechanistic insights to clinical translation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongcun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangzhou","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]},{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Energy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","article-title":"The evolving tumor microenvironment: From cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth","volume":"41","author":"de Visser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.02.007","article-title":"Tissue architecture in tumor initiation and progression","volume":"8","author":"Almagro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00541-y","article-title":"Metabolic barriers to cancer immunotherapy","volume":"21","author":"DePeaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367","article-title":"Fundamental mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade therapy","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04292-3","article-title":"Harnessing the potential of CAR-T cell therapy: progress, challenges, and future directions in hematological and solid tumor treatments","volume":"21","author":"Dagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007955","article-title":"Therapeutic avenues for \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Costa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.01.004","article-title":"New insights into cancer immunoediting and its three component phases \u2014 elimination, equilibrium and escape","volume":"27","author":"Mittal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0153-5","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: pleiotropic immune effectors with therapeutic potential in cancer","volume":"19","author":"Silva-Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.06.015","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells exhibit multifunctional and protective memory in intestinal tissues","volume":"39","author":"Sheridan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120216","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: first line of defense and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Chien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3686","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are quickly reconstituted after stem-cell transplantation and show adaptive clonal expansion in response to viral infection","volume":"18","author":"Ravens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3705","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells get adaptive","volume":"18","author":"Silva-Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05593-1","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells are effectors of immunotherapy in cancers with HLA class I defects","volume":"613","author":"de Vries","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01429-w","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells maintain sensitivity to immunotherapy in MHC-I-deficient tumors","volume":"24","author":"Silva-Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.558143","article-title":"Donor \u03b3\u03b4T cells promote GVL effect and mitigate aGVHD in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.4691","article-title":"Preferential activation of an IL-2 regulatory sequence transgene in TCR gamma delta and NKT cells: subset-specific differences in IL-2 regulation","volume":"172","author":"Yui","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3539-3","article-title":"RNA-transfection of \u03b3\/\u03b4 T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor or an \u03b1\/\u03b2 T-cell receptor: a safer alternative to genetically engineered \u03b1\/\u03b2 T cells for the immunotherapy of melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Harrer","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771\u2013","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149095","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gamma delta CAR-T cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"138","author":"Wallet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13051","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00491-0","article-title":"Natural killer cells in antitumour adoptive cell immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Laskowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1078","article-title":"The complex existence of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells following transplantation: the good, the bad and the simply confusing","volume":"8","author":"Sullivan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040800","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4 TCR repertoires in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Fichtner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2012.03582.x","article-title":"Understanding the complexity of \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell subsets in mouse and human","volume":"136","author":"Pang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.03.003","article-title":"Recasting human V\u03b41 lymphocytes in an adaptive role","volume":"39","author":"Davey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2394","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus and tumor stress surveillance by binding of a human \u03b3\u03b4 T cell antigen receptor to endothelial protein C receptor","volume":"13","author":"Willcox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.02.002","article-title":"Human V\u03b43+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells induce maturation and IgM secretion by B cells","volume":"196","author":"Petrasca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI132489","article-title":"\u03b39\u03b42T cell diversity and the receptor interface with tumor cells","volume":"130","author":"Vyborova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125884","article-title":"NKp46-expressing human gut-resident intraepithelial V\u03b41 T cell subpopulation exhibits high antitumor activity against colorectal cancer","volume":"4","author":"Mikulak","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1378-2","article-title":"Gamma-delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells: friend or foe in cancer development","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404112","article-title":"TCRgammadelta+ large granular lymphocyte leukemias reflect the spectrum of normal antigen-selected TCRgammadelta+ T-cells","volume":"20","author":"Sandberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1079","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell receptor repertoire is shaped by influenza viruses, age and tissue compartmentalisation","volume":"8","author":"Sant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1080","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells in cancer: a small population of lymphocytes with big implications","volume":"8","author":"Raverdeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2011.553595","article-title":"Human V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells expanded from peripheral blood exhibit specific cytotoxicity against B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia-derived cells","volume":"13","author":"Siegers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0139","article-title":"Prospects for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia using \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"9","author":"Halim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.21659","article-title":"Analysis of V\u03b41 T cells in clinical grade melanoma-infiltrating lymphocytes","volume":"1","author":"Donia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-3464","article-title":"Neuroblastoma killing properties of V-delta 2 and V-delta2 negative gamma delta T cells following expansion by artificial antigen presenting cells","volume":"20","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.8.1065","article-title":"Identification of the complete expressed human TCR V gamma repertoire by flow cytometry","volume":"9","author":"Hinz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051206","article-title":"The role of human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in anti-tumor immunity and their potential for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.38","article-title":"Mechanisms of the antitumor activity of human V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells in combination with zoledronic acid in a preclinical model of neuroblastoma","volume":"21","author":"Di Carlo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3904","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells in cancer","volume":"15","author":"Silva-Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412058112","article-title":"Effector V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells dominate the human fetal \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell repertoire","volume":"112","author":"Dimova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076008","article-title":"Persistent changes in circulating and intestinal \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets, invariant natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in children and adults with coeliac disease","volume":"8","author":"Dunne","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.05.003","article-title":"Distinct subpopulations of gamma delta T cells are present in normal and tumor-bearing human liver","volume":"113","author":"Kenna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2110288118","article-title":"Recognition of the antigen-presenting molecule MR1 by a V\u03b43+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptor","volume":"118","author":"Rice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.d01-2027.x","article-title":"Clonal expansion of Vgamma3\/Vdelta3-expressing gammadelta T cells in an HIV-1\/2-negative patient with CD4 T-cell deficiency","volume":"96","author":"Kabelitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6477","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7477","article-title":"A clonotypic V\u03b34J\u03b31\/V\u03b45D\u03b42J\u03b41 innate \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell population restricted to the CCR6+CD27- subset","volume":"6","author":"Kashani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12297","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus drives V\u03b42neg \u03b3\u03b4 T cell inflation in many healthy virus carriers with increasing age","volume":"176","author":"Alejenef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621052114","article-title":"Sensing of cell stress by human \u03b3\u03b4 TCR-dependent recognition of annexin A2","volume":"114","author":"Marlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2010545117","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells recognize CD1b by two distinct mechanisms","volume":"117","author":"Reijneveld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141764","article-title":"The molecular bases of \u03b4\/\u03b1\u03b2 T cell\u2013mediated antigen recognition","volume":"211","author":"Pellicci","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502202","article-title":"Molecular analysis of lipid reactive V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells identified by CD1c tetramers","volume":"196","author":"Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.001","article-title":"Crystal structure of V\u03b41 T cell receptor in complex with CD1d-sulfatide shows MHC-like recognition of a self-lipid by human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"39","author":"Luoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2713","article-title":"CD1d-lipid antigen recognition by the \u03b3\u03b4 TCR","volume":"14","author":"Uldrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.727","article-title":"Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA","volume":"285","author":"Bauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2417","article-title":"Vdelta1 T lymphocytes from B-CLL patients recognize ULBP3 expressed on leukemic B cells and up-regulated by trans-retinoic acid","volume":"64","author":"Poggi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-339135","article-title":"Differentiation of human peripheral blood V\u03b41+ T cells expressing the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 for recognition of lymphoid leukemia cells","volume":"118","author":"Correia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2012.700766","article-title":"Human Vdelta1 gamma-delta T cells exert potent specific cytotoxicity against primary multiple myeloma cells","volume":"14","author":"Knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0597","article-title":"Delta one T cells for immunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical-grade expansion\/differentiation and preclinical proof of concept","volume":"22","author":"Almeida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav3900","article-title":"A class of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptors recognize the underside of the antigen-presenting molecule MR1","volume":"366","author":"Le Nours","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aba9010","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4 T cell sensing of AMPK-dependent metabolic tumor reprogramming through TCR recognition of EphA2","volume":"6","author":"Harly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.752646","article-title":"Blocking of ephA2 on endometrial tumor cells reduces susceptibility to V\u03b41 gamma-delta T-cell-mediated killing","volume":"12","author":"Hudecek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.030","article-title":"Epithelia use Butyrophilin-like molecules to shape organ-specific \u03b3\u03b4 T cell compartments","volume":"167","author":"Di Marco Barros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2665","article-title":"Butyrophilin 3A1 binds phosphorylated antigens and stimulates human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"14","author":"Vavassori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5516","article-title":"Butyrophilin 2A1 is essential for phosphoantigen reactivity by \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"367","author":"Rigau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00720-w","article-title":"Self-activation of V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells by exogenous phosphoantigens involves TCR and butyrophilins","volume":"18","author":"Laplagne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.014","article-title":"Butyrophilin-2A1 directly binds germline-encoded regions of the V\u03b39V\u03b42 TCR and is essential for phosphoantigen sensing","volume":"52","author":"Karunakaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838409","article-title":"DNAX accessory molecule-1 (CD226) promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lysis by Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells","volume":"39","author":"Toutirais","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2144","article-title":"Activation of V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells by NKG2D","volume":"175","author":"Rincon-Orozco","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103710","article-title":"Human V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells specifically recognize and kill acute myeloid leukemic blasts","volume":"188","author":"Gertner-Dardenne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300121","article-title":"CD1d restriction and Th1\/Th2\/Th17 cytokine secretion by human V\u03b43 T cells","volume":"191","author":"Mangan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2398","article-title":"EPCR: a stress trigger for \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"13","author":"Witherden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210429","article-title":"A major fraction of human intraepithelial lymphocytes simultaneously expresses the gamma\/delta T cell receptor, the CD8 accessory molecule and preferentially uses the V delta 1 gene segment","volume":"21","author":"Deusch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04076-0","article-title":"The human V\u03b42+ T-cell compartment comprises distinct innate-like V\u03b39+ and adaptive V\u03b39- subsets","volume":"9","author":"Davey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01448-7","article-title":"Exhausted intratumoral V\u03b42- \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in human kidney cancer retain effector function","volume":"24","author":"Rancan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00984","article-title":"Human \u03b3\u03b4 T-Cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of high-risk leukemias","volume":"9","author":"Pistoia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2020.20.e5","article-title":"Heterogeneity of human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and their role in cancer immunity","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01395","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells and tumor microenvironment: From immunosurveillance to tumor evasion","volume":"9","author":"Lo Presti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/2162402X.2014.992749","article-title":"Ex vivo expanded human circulating V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4T cells exhibit favorable therapeutic potential for colon cancer","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/2162402X.2014.973808","article-title":"Non-V delta 2 gamma delta T lymphocytes as effectors of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.104","article-title":"Cytotoxic and regulatory properties of circulating V\u03b41+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells: A new player on the cell therapy field","volume":"22","author":"Siegers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.66","article-title":"Clonal expansion shapes the human V\u03b41T cell receptor repertoire","volume":"15","author":"Meraviglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0593","article-title":"Impaired HLA Class I antigen processing and presentation as a mechanism of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"Gettinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6733","article-title":"Mismatch-repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade","volume":"357","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1681","article-title":"Human intestinal Vdelta1+ lymphocytes recognize tumor cells of epithelial origin","volume":"183","author":"Maeurer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-012-1353-y","article-title":"Extensive expansion of primary human gamma delta T cells generates cytotoxic effector memory cells that can be labeled with Feraheme for cellular MRI","volume":"62","author":"Siegers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081787","article-title":"A role for human skin\u2013resident T cells in wound healing","volume":"206","author":"Toulon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6879","article-title":"Broad tumor-associated expression and recognition by tumor-derived \u03b3\u03b4 T cells of MICA and MICB","volume":"96","author":"Groh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129771","article-title":"Primary and chronic HIV infection differently modulates mucosal V\u03b41 and V\u03b42 T-cells differentiation profile and effector functions","volume":"10","author":"Cimini","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/314568","article-title":"Major expansion of gammadelta T lymphocytes following cytomegalovirus infection in kidney allograft recipients","volume":"179","author":"D\u00e9chanet","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01095.x","article-title":"Characterization of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets in organ transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Puig-Pey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-136713","article-title":"Long-term expansion of effector\/memory V\u03b42- \u03b3\u03b4 T cells is a specific blood signature of CMV infection","volume":"112","author":"Pitard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041851","article-title":"Shared reactivity of V{delta}2(neg) {gamma}{delta} T cells against cytomegalovirus-infected cells and tumor intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"201","author":"Halary","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008101072","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-induced gammadelta T cells associate with reduced cancer risk after kidney transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Couzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax9364","article-title":"An innate-like V\u03b41+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cell compartment in the human breast is associated with remission in Triple Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00376-z","article-title":"A local human V\u03b41 T cell population is associated with survival in nonsmall-cell lung cancer","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002620100190","article-title":"Role of adhesion molecules in recruitment of V\u03b41 T cells from the peripheral blood to the tumor tissue of esophageal cancer patients","volume":"50","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e31818955ad","article-title":"Immune response of human propagated gammadelta-T-cells to neuroblastoma recommend the Vdelta1+ subset for gammadelta-T-cell-based immunotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Schilbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300434","article-title":"Protective role of the inflammatory CCR2\/CCL2 chemokine pathway through recruitment of type 1 cytotoxic \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes to tumor beds","volume":"190","author":"Lan\u00e7a","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0348","article-title":"Specific recruitment of \u03b3\u03b4 regulatory T cells in human breast cancer","volume":"73","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.16","article-title":"Anti-\u03b3\u03b4 TCR antibody-expanded \u03b3\u03b4 T cells: a better choice for the adoptive immunotherapy of lymphoid Malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00722-1","article-title":"The emerging roles of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Mensurado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0515-7","article-title":"Allogeneic V\u03b39V\u03b42 T-cell immunotherapy exhibits promising clinical safety and prolongs the survival of patients with late-stage lung or liver cancer","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02389","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes: an effector cell in autoimmunity and infection","volume":"9","author":"Shiromizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063916","article-title":"Regulation of cutaneous Malignancy by gammadelta T cells","volume":"294","author":"Girardi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000053824","article-title":"Antitumor activity of expanded human tumor-infiltrating gammadelta T lymphocytes","volume":"125","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.8.3932","article-title":"Selective lysis of autologous tumor cells by recurrent gamma delta tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from renal carcinoma","volume":"154","author":"Choudhary","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/88.7.436","article-title":"Killing of laminin receptor-positive human lung cancers by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes bearing gammadelta(+) t-cell receptors","volume":"88","author":"Ferrarini","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb08198.x","article-title":"Functional analysis of TCR gamma delta+ T cells in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of human pancreatic cancer","volume":"93","author":"Kitayama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1347742","article-title":"Distinctive features of tumor-infiltrating \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes in human colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Meraviglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049878","article-title":"Characterization of human \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes infiltrating primary Malignant melanomas","volume":"7","author":"Cordova","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004579","article-title":"Intrahepatic CD69+V\u03b41 T cells re-circulate in the blood of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and limit tumor progression","volume":"10","author":"Bruni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00218","article-title":"Genetic modification strategies to enhance CAR T cell persistence for patients with solid tumors","volume":"10","author":"DeRenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb0192","article-title":"Characterization of ascites- and tumor-infiltrating \u03b3\u03b4 T cells reveals distinct repertoires and a beneficial role in ovarian cancer","volume":"13","author":"Foord","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29012-1","article-title":"Characterisation and induction of tissue-resident gamma delta T-cells to target hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Zakeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2021.101480","article-title":"Emerging concepts in PD-1 checkpoint biology","volume":"52","author":"Pauken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00690-0","article-title":"PD-1 defines a distinct, functional, tissue-adapted state in V\u03b41+ T cells with implications for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Davies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45449-y","article-title":"Tumor reactive \u03b3\u03b4 T cells contribute to a complete response to PD-1 blockade in a Merkel cell carcinoma patient","volume":"15","author":"Lien","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51025-1","article-title":"Dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating V\u03b41 + T lymphocytes in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer","volume":"15","author":"Stary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8695","article-title":"TCR-V\u03b3\u03b4 usage distinguishes pro-tumor from anti-tumor intestinal \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets","volume":"377","author":"Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-417519","article-title":"Dysfunctional V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells are negative prognosticators and markers of dysregulated mevalonate pathway activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells","volume":"120","author":"Coscia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.8.5471","article-title":"In vivo immunomanipulation of V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells with a synthetic phosphoantigen in a preclinical nonhuman primate model","volume":"175","author":"Sicard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.5857","article-title":"NF-kappa B modulates sensitivity to apoptosis, proinflammatory and migratory potential in short- versus long-term cultured human gamma delta lymphocytes","volume":"181","author":"Ferrarini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00607","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes: pathogenic role, clinical significance, and differential programing in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"5","author":"Lo Presti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00588.x","article-title":"Activation and activation-driven death of human gamma\/delta T cells","volume":"120","author":"Kabelitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2012.39","article-title":"What lessons can be learned from \u03b3\u03b4 T cell-based cancer immunotherapy trials","volume":"10","author":"Fourni\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70122-X","article-title":"Adjuvant endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: 62-month follow-up from the ABCSG-12 randomised trial","volume":"12","author":"Gnant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62051-X","article-title":"First-line treatment with zoledronic acid as compared with clodronic acid in multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1515\/oncologie-2023-0459","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment: a key player in multidrug resistance in cancer","volume":"26","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncologie"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01367","article-title":"Functional plasticity of gamma delta T cells and breast tumor targets in hypoxia","volume":"9","author":"Siegers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00027","article-title":"In vivo T cell activation in lymphoid tissues is inhibited in the oxygen-poor microenvironment","volume":"2","author":"Ohta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13436","article-title":"Hypoxia regulates the differentiation and anti\u2010tumor effector functions of \u03b3\u03b4T cells in oral cancer","volume":"201","author":"Sureshbabu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0627-z","article-title":"Microenvironmental oxygen pressure orchestrates an anti- and pro-tumoral \u03b3\u03b4 T cell equilibrium via tumor-derived exosomes","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081757","article-title":"Engineering the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity for cancer immunotherapy: focus on \u03b3\u03b4 T and NK cells","volume":"9","author":"Morandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00470.x","article-title":"Antigen recognition by gammadelta T cells","volume":"215","author":"Chien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B137","article-title":"Graft-vs-leukemia following bone marrow transplantation: a model of immunotherapy in man","volume":"244","author":"Butturini","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472031000141295","article-title":"Influence of T cell depletion method on circulating gammadelta T cell reconstitution and potential role in the graft-versus-leukemia effect","volume":"1","author":"Lamb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705650","article-title":"Long term disease-free survival in acute leukemia patients recovering with increased gammadelta T cells after partially mismatched related donor bone marrow transplantation","volume":"39","author":"Godder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14174","article-title":"Interleukin\u201017 is associated with expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 in ovarian carcinoma","volume":"110","author":"Aotsuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29818","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization and prognostic impact of circulating \u03b3\u03b4 and \u03b1\u03b2 T-cells in metastatic Malignant melanoma","volume":"138","author":"Wistuba-Hamprecht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.06.001","article-title":"Proportions of blood-borne V\u03b41+ and V\u03b42+ T-cells are associated with overall survival of melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab","volume":"64","author":"Wistuba-Hamprecht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i13.3573","article-title":"Analysis of tumor-infiltrating gamma delta T cells in rectal cancer","volume":"22","author":"Rong","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827\u2013","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2021-1827","article-title":"Abstract 1827: Efficacy and characterization of a specific and potent monoclonal antibody, LYT-210, against immunosuppressive gd1 T cell in cancer","volume":"81","author":"Panchenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01225-5","article-title":"Overcoming the challenges associated with CD3+ T-cell redirection in cancer","volume":"124","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0028-1","article-title":"Bispecific antibodies: a mechanistic review of the pipeline","volume":"18","author":"Labrijn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114291","article-title":"The state of the art of bispecific antibodies for treating human Malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2024-LB062","article-title":"Abstract LB062: ADT3_A potential first-in-class V\u03b41-engager for in situ activation of V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and enhanced cytotoxicity towards solid tumors","volume":"84","author":"Freedman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04036-w","article-title":"Immunological synapse formation as a key mechanism in T cell-dependent bispecific antibody-mediated immune activation and cytotoxicity","volume":"74","author":"Nakamura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1245","article-title":"T-cell-antigen recognition and the immunological synapse","volume":"3","author":"Huppa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0161","article-title":"The immunological synapse","volume":"2","author":"Dustin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01288.x","article-title":"Immobilized MICA could expand human V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in vitro that displayed major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A-dependent cytotoxicity to human epithelial carcinomas","volume":"58","author":"Qi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242842","article-title":"4-1BB signal stimulates the activation, expansion, and effector functions of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in mice and humans","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0647","article-title":"Broad cytotoxic targeting of acute myeloid leukemia by polyclonal delta one T cells","volume":"7","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005400","article-title":"Generation and proof-of-concept for allogeneic CD123 CAR-Delta One T (DOT) cells in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"10","author":"S\u00e1nchez Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2022-CT525","article-title":"Abstract CT525: GDX012U-001 a phase 1, open-label, dose escalation, and dose expansion study to assess the safety, tolerability, and preliminary antileukemic activity of GDX012 in patients with MRD positive AML","volume":"82","author":"Knowles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B157","article-title":"A phase 1, open label, dose escalation, and dose expansion study to assess the safety, tolerability, and preliminary antileukemic activity of GDX012 in patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) positive acute myeloid leukemia","year":"2022"},{"key":"B158","article-title":"A phase 1\/2a, open-label, dose escalation, and dose expansion study to assess the safety and efficacy of GDX012 in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia","year":"2026"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002781","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: Major advances in basic and clinical research in tumor immunotherapy","volume":"137","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003441","article-title":"Off-the-shelf V\u03b41 gamma delta T cells engineered with glypican-3 (GPC-3)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and soluble IL-15 display robust antitumor efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Makkouk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7509\u2013","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.7509","article-title":"A phase 1 study of ADI-001: Anti-CD20 CAR-engineered allogeneic gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells in adults with B-cell Malignancies","volume":"40","author":"Neelapu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1373","article-title":"Allogeneic CD20\u2010targeted \u03b3\u03b4 T cells exhibit innate and adaptive antitumor activities in preclinical B\u2010cell lymphoma models","volume":"11","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B163","article-title":"A phase 1 safety and efficacy study of ADI-001 anti-CD20 CAR-engineered allogeneic gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells in adults with B cell Malignancies","year":"2025"},{"key":"B164","article-title":"Long-term follow-up protocol for subjects treated with Adicet allogeneic gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) CAR T cell investigational products","year":"2026"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq7248","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy by \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"386","author":"Hayday","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-SITC2024.0640","article-title":"A phase 1\/2 first in human study of ADI-270, an armored allogeneic anti-CD70 chimericantigen receptor gd T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed or refractory clear cell renal cell carcinoma.","volume":"12","author":"Beckermann","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B167","article-title":"A phase 1\/2 trial of ADI-270 (engineered \u03b3\u03b4 chimeric receptor [CAR] V\u03b41 T cells targeting CD70) in adults with relapsed or refractory (R\/R) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)","year":"2025"},{"key":"B168","article-title":"Phase I clinical study of UTAA06 injection in treatment of patients with advanced Malignant solid tumors","author":"Peking","year":"2025"},{"key":"B169","article-title":"Phase I clinical study on the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of UTAA09 injection in the treatment of recurrent or refractory B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume-title":"ClinicalTrials.gov","year":"2024"},{"key":"B170","unstructured":"Approved drug database\n          \n          \n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00015","article-title":"Five layers of receptor signaling in \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell differentiation and activation","volume":"6","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.889051","article-title":"Engineering \u03b3\u03b4 T cells: Recognizing and activating on their own way","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-2025-938","article-title":"shRNA-based PD-1 suppression preserves memory phenotype and function of CD19-targeted CAR-T cell","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188049","article-title":"From bench to bedside: The history and progress of CAR T cell therapy","volume":"14","author":"Mitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02269-w","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: Current challenges and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Zugasti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1034257","article-title":"Mechanisms of CAR T cell exhaustion and current counteraction strategies","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.280169","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation and structural optimization of anti-BCMA CAR to target multiple myeloma","volume":"107","author":"Harush","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1805-z","article-title":"c-Jun overexpression in CAR T cells induces exhaustion resistance","volume":"576","author":"Lynn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00892-0","article-title":"ETV7 limits the antiviral and antitumor efficacy of CD8+ T cells by diverting their fate toward exhaustion","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020607","article-title":"Upregulation of the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation enhances the fitness of CD99 CAR-T cells under dynamic cultivation","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.04.017","article-title":"Cancer-cell-derived fumarate suppresses the anti-tumor capacity of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1548630","article-title":"Transduction of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells with Baboon envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vector encoding chimeric antigen receptors for translational and clinical applications","volume":"16","author":"Pinot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1727427","article-title":"Enhancing the transduction efficiency of lentiviral vectors in CAR-T cell therapy through an optimization workflow","volume":"13","author":"Ferreira","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024.11.08.622723","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.08.622723","article-title":"Enhanced lentiviral gene delivery to mammalian cells via paired cell surface and viral envelope engineering","author":"Tannir","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827307\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:44:22Z","timestamp":1780983862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827307\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":184,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1827307","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"article-number":"1827307"}}