{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:08:36Z","timestamp":1779196116025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015631","name":"Merck Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intradermal (ID) vaccination can be highly immunogenic due to the density of antigen-presenting cells in the skin, but reliable ID delivery remains technically challenging. We evaluated a programmable microneedle-array intradermal injector, InocuJect, designed to distribute vaccine micro-deposits across a defined dermal area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In female Hartley guinea pigs, we compared vaccination with the automated ID device to conventional Mantoux intradermal injection followed by electroporation (ID+EP) using two vaccine platforms: a DNA vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike (pIDV-II-SARS-CoV-2) and the licensed virus-like particle vaccine GARDASIL\u00ae9.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the DNA vaccine, both methods induced spike-specific and pseudovirus-neutralizing responses by day 56, with similar neutralizing titers between groups. For GARDASIL\u00ae9, both delivery methods generated comparable HPV16 L1-specific IgG at the final time points. In contrast, the automated ID device induced stronger antigen-specific cellular responses, as reflected by increased IFN-\u03b3 RNA and protein levels following peptide stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that spatially distributed dermal delivery using a microneedle-array-based intradermal injector is associated with enhanced IFN-\u03b3-based cellular immune readouts, while maintaining robust humoral responses across distinct vaccine platforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1828400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:20:30Z","timestamp":1779193230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An engineered intradermal microneedle-array device enhances the cellular immune responses in a guinea pig model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marie-Edith","family":"Nepveu-Traversy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Urgent and Advanced Research and Development","place":["Batiscan, QC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George (Giorgi)","family":"Babuadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch","place":["Galveston, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlene","family":"Potterton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s University","place":["Kingston, ON, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc-Antoine","family":"de La Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch","place":["Galveston, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ales","family":"Alajbegovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InocuJect Corporation","place":["Ottawa, ON, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacinthe","family":"Julien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD)","place":["Deschambault, QC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Winterborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s University","place":["Kingston, ON, Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Kobinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Urgent and Advanced Research and Development","place":["Batiscan, QC, Canada"]},{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch","place":["Galveston, TX, United 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