{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:53:51Z","timestamp":1781844831258,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the significance of anti-connective tissue antibodies in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic and clinical data from 205 patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD were collected. Variables included sex, age, clinical symptoms\/signs, connective tissue antibody status, inflammatory markers, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell counts\/oligoclonal band status, spinal cord lesion location\/length, Expanded Disability Status Scale scores at onset and first relapse (18-month follow-up), and time to first relapse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 205 patients, 108 (52.7%) were positive for anti-connective tissue antibodies (CTD abs+). Compared with anti-connective tissue antibodies (CTD abs\u2212) patients, the CTD abs+ group had higher lymphocyte counts (1.82 \u00b1 0.14 vs. 1.73 \u00b1 0.07,\n                      <jats:italic>p &amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.01), higher monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios [0.27 (0.2) vs. 0.24 (0.16),\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.037], and higher CSF white blood cell counts [10 (22) vs. 6 (18)\/10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.035]. They also showed a higher rate of oligoclonal band positivity (27.78% vs. 10.31%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), a higher proportion of patients with an increased 24-hour intrathecal synthesis rate (54.6% vs. 40.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.039), and higher CSF immunoglobulin levels [5.755 (6.37) vs. 4.15 (3.53) mg\/dL, p &amp;lt; 0.001] at initial onset. No significant differences were observed between the CTD abs+ and CTD abs\u2212 groups in the distribution of lesions or the length of affected spinal cord vertebral segments at initial onset. However, patients in the CTD abs+ group had higher Expanded Disability Status Scale scores at first relapse and a higher annualized relapse rate over the 18-month follow-up period(\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u00a00.05for both).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, among AQP4-IgG-positive patients with NMOSD, CTD abs+ was associated with higher lymphocyte counts, a higher MLR, higher CSF white blood cell counts, higher CSF immunoglobulin levels, a higher 24-hour intrathecal IgG synthesis rate, and higher OCB positivity. CTD abs positivity may therefore indicate a more severe inflammatory profile; however, it does not appear to predict earlier relapse, but does appear to predict a higher annualized relapse rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1829927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:29:50Z","timestamp":1781843390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without anti-connective tissue antibodies: an 18-month cohort follow-up"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuna","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, 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Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]},{"name":"Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, 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