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This deposition can directly trigger local inflammatory responses and lead to renal tissue damage. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as a unique neutrophil-derived immune defense mechanism, play a key pro-inflammatory role in gouty nephropathy. Under conditions of long-term hyperuricemia, Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals can activate related inflammatory signaling pathways, promoting inflammatory cell infiltration, the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and the formation of NETs, thereby exacerbating inflammatory responses and fibrosis in hyperuricemic nephropathy. This review summarizes the formation and pro-inflammatory injury mechanisms of NETs in gouty nephropathy and discusses the potential and challenges of targeting NETs as a novel therapeutic strategy for gout-related kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1830649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:44:47Z","timestamp":1777437887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study on the pro-inflammatory injury of neutrophil extracellular traps in gouty nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuliang","family":"Pu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, 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