{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:42:02Z","timestamp":1790005322573,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe and persistent neurological dysfunction. Ferroptosis has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, but its contribution to SCI and its relationship to myeloid-cell responses, inflammatory amplification and disturbed iron homeostasis remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We integrated public bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets with experiments in a rat SCI model to define ferroptosis-associated changes across the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Differential expression, pathway enrichment, co-expression and protein\u2013protein interaction analyses, pseudotime inference and cell\u2013cell communication modelling were used to identify candidate molecules and relevant myeloid subpopulations, followed by qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ferroptosis-associated molecular alterations in SCI showed marked temporal dynamics and remained embedded within pathological networks linked to inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxic responses. Single-cell analysis indicated that these signals were concentrated primarily in myeloid cells, particularly the HMOX1-high M1a and M1b subclusters. Pseudotime and cell\u2013cell communication analyses further suggested that these subpopulations progress along a continuous trajectory towards inflammation-amplifying states and may influence the local microenvironment through MIF, TGF\u03b2, PTN and CD99 signalling. Animal experiments further showed that sustained inflammatory activation occurs in parallel with dysregulation of ferroptosis-associated molecules, accompanied by local myeloid-cell activation and enhanced HMOX1-associated stress responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In SCI, ferroptosis-associated signals appear to be concentrated within HMOX1-associated myeloid subpopulations and may be sustained through cell-state reprogramming and intercellular signaling networks. HMOX1 emerges as a candidate hub linking disturbed iron handling, ferroptosis and myeloid inflammatory remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:39:24Z","timestamp":1776832764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ferroptosis-associated myeloid cell heterogeneity and inflammatory amplification following spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair\/Dongguan Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan)","place":["Dongguan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair\/Dongguan Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan)","place":["Dongguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair\/Dongguan Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan)","place":["Dongguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair\/Dongguan Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan)","place":["Dongguan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiliang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genlong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Repair\/Dongguan Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Dongguan)","place":["Dongguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01477-6","article-title":"Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications","volume":"31","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13657","article-title":"Zinc attenuates ferroptosis and promotes functional recovery in contusion spinal cord injury by activating Nrf2\/GPX4 defense pathway","volume":"27","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.350209","article-title":"Bioinformatics analysis of ferroptosis in spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regener Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08446-0","article-title":"Microglia are an essential component of the neuroprotective scar that forms after spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Bellver-Landete","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.08.064","article-title":"Macrophage and microglial plasticity in the injured spinal cord","volume":"307","author":"David","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.143423","article-title":"Function of microglia and macrophages in secondary damage after spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Regener Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20210040","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of the cellular heterogeneity and interactions in the injured mouse spinal cord","volume":"218","author":"Milich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04864-z","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the immune heterogeneity and the repopulation of microglia by Hif1\u03b1 in mice after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31797-0","article-title":"Microglia coordinate cellular interactions during spinal cord repair in mice","volume":"13","author":"Brennan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-2063","article-title":"A novel, minimally invasive technique to establish the animal model of spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108889","article-title":"Human spinal GABA neurons alleviate spasticity and improve locomotion in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.207","article-title":"Gene Expression Omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository","volume":"30","author":"Edgar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201795","article-title":"Diagnostic blood RNA profiles for human acute spinal cord injury","volume":"218","author":"Kyritsis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.987344","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the role of immune-related autophagy in spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.031","article-title":"Comprehensive integration of single-cell data","volume":"177","author":"Stuart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","article-title":"Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony","volume":"16","author":"Korsunsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0276-y","article-title":"Reference-based analysis of lung single-cell sequencing reveals a transitional profibrotic macrophage","volume":"20","author":"Aran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.240093.118","article-title":"Remodeling of epigenome and transcriptome landscapes with aging in mice reveals widespread induction of inflammatory responses","volume":"29","author":"Benayoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baaa021","article-title":"FerrDb: a manually curated resource for regulators and markers of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-disease associations","volume":"2020","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Database J Biol Database Curation"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov Camb Mass"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad031","article-title":"The gene ontology knowledgebase in 2023","volume":"224","author":"Aleksander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa970","article-title":"KEGG: integrating viruses and cellular organisms","volume":"49","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article17","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1128","article-title":"A general framework for weighted gene co-expression network analysis","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559","article-title":"WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis","volume":"9","author":"Langfelder","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","article-title":"The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest","volume":"51","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-2","article-title":"An automated method for finding molecular complexes in large protein interaction networks","volume":"4","author":"Bader","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11","article-title":"cytoHubba: identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome","author":"Chin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa467","article-title":"miRNet 2.0: network-based visual analytics for miRNA functional analysis and systems biology","volume":"48","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1141","article-title":"miRBase: from microRNA sequences to function","volume":"47","author":"Kozomara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1056","article-title":"starBase: a database for exploring microRNA-mRNA interaction maps from Argonaute CLIP-Seq and Degradome-Seq data","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.07.014","article-title":"A ceRNA hypothesis: the Rosetta Stone of a hidden RNA language","volume":"146","author":"Salmena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","article-title":"GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e4nzelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.019","article-title":"Pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade","volume":"18","author":"Charoentong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859","article-title":"The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells","volume":"32","author":"Trapnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","article-title":"Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.11.010","article-title":"Ferroptosis related genes participate in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury via HIF-1 signaling pathway","volume":"192","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03543-0","article-title":"Hmox1 is identified as a ferroptosis hub gene and associated with the M1 type microglia\/macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury: Bioinformatics and experimental validation","volume":"60","author":"Xuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-112","article-title":"Different TLR4 expression and microglia\/macrophage activation induced by hemorrhage in the rat spinal cord after compressive injury","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2016.10.001","article-title":"NADPH oxidase isoform expression is temporally regulated and may contribute to microglial\/macrophage polarization after spinal cord injury","volume":"77","author":"Bermudez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-024-01280-y","article-title":"Mitophagy mediated by BNIP3 and NIX protects against ferroptosis by downregulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species","volume":"31","author":"Yamashita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2018.11.016","article-title":"Exogenous monounsaturated fatty acids promote a ferroptosis-resistant cell state","volume":"26","author":"Magtanong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Chem Biol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23055","article-title":"CHAC1 degradation of glutathione enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis in human triple negative breast cancer cells via the GCN2-eIF2\u03b1-ATF4 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2239","article-title":"ACSL4 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by shaping cellular lipid composition","volume":"13","author":"Doll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0380-z","article-title":"ATF3 promotes erastin-induced ferroptosis by suppressing system Xc","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.9b01063","article-title":"GTP cyclohydrolase 1\/tetrahydrobiopterin counteract ferroptosis through lipid remodeling","volume":"6","author":"Kraft","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.32","article-title":"HSPB1 as a novel regulator of ferroptotic cancer cell death","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.06.009","article-title":"Inflammation and its role in neuroprotection, axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"209","author":"Donnelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3053","article-title":"Repertoire of microglial and macrophage responses after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220531","article-title":"M1\/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality","volume":"137","author":"Strizova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd8811","article-title":"Diversified transcriptional responses of myeloid and glial cells in spinal cord injury shaped by HDAC3 activity","volume":"7","author":"Wahane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06095-0","article-title":"Ferroptosis-related genes participate in the microglia-induced neuroinflammation of spinal cord injury via NF-\u03baB signaling: evidence from integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.4.1.11","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 as a protective gene","volume":"114","author":"Bach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0340TR","article-title":"How many transcription factors does it take to turn on the heme oxygenase-1 gene","volume":"36","author":"Alam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010039","article-title":"A dual role of heme oxygenase-1 in cancer cells","volume":"20","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050861","article-title":"Crosstalk between heme oxygenase-1 and iron metabolism in macrophages: implications for the modulation of inflammation and immunity","volume":"11","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.37.26071","article-title":"Nrf2, a Cap\u2019n\u2019Collar transcription factor, regulates induction of the heme oxygenase-1 gene","volume":"274","author":"Alam","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.11.2835","article-title":"Heme mediates derepression of Maf recognition element through direct binding to transcription repressor Bach1","volume":"20","author":"Ogawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm638","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 induction by NRF2 requires inactivation of the transcriptional repressor BACH1","volume":"35","author":"Reichard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.9.5375","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates transcriptional activation of the heme oxygenase-1 gene in response to hypoxia","volume":"272","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M608456200","article-title":"JunB and JunD regulate human heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in renal epithelial cells","volume":"282","author":"Hock","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0860-21.2021","article-title":"Spinal cord injury induces permanent reprogramming of microglia into a disease-associated state which contributes to functional recovery","volume":"41","author":"Hakim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0173-9","article-title":"Ferroptosis and necroinflammation, a yet poorly explored link","volume":"26","author":"Proneth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204009","article-title":"Trehalose inhibits ferroptosis via NRF2\/HO-1 pathway and promotes functional recovery in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2023.105554","article-title":"USP7 regulates HMOX-1 via deubiquitination to suppress ferroptosis and ameliorate spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390960","article-title":"Metformin alleviates spinal cord injury by inhibiting nerve cell ferroptosis through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regener Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146272","article-title":"Dual role of heme oxygenase-1 in disease progression and treatment: a literature review","volume":"321","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831161\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:39:28Z","timestamp":1776832768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831161\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831161","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"article-number":"1831161"}}