{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:31:33Z","timestamp":1790314293734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032579","name":"Beijing Medical Award Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YXJL-2023-0078-0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YXJL-2023-0078-0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer is generally characterized by limited immunogenicity. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide survival benefits in a subset of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), overall response rates remain limited and are accompanied by pronounced therapeutic heterogeneity and systemic immune-related adverse events. The immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), characterized by restricted antigen presentation, limited effector T-cell infiltration, and enrichment of immunosuppressive cell populations, represents a key barrier to durable immunotherapy benefit. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) represent a minimally invasive transdermal delivery system that bypasses the stratum corneum barrier. They enable the delivery of antigens and immunomodulatory molecules into the epidermis and superficial dermis enriched in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), thereby facilitating efficient peripheral immune priming while reducing systemic exposure. This review summarizes the material composition and microstructural design of DMNs, their transdermal immunodelivery characteristics, and recent advances in breast cancer immunotherapy. It further highlights the mechanisms by which DMNs mediate peripheral immune activation and remodel the TIME, as well as their potential in combination with other immunotherapeutic strategies. Overall, DMNs represent a promising strategy that may improve the efficacy and safety of breast cancer immunotherapy by enabling localized delivery, efficient peripheral activation, and coordinated microenvironment remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:28:45Z","timestamp":1778819325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recent advances in dissolving microneedles for breast cancer immunotherapy: local delivery and tumor microenvironment remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yingcui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Jiamusi Tumor Hospital","place":["Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingze","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yige","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality across 185 countries","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02476-1","article-title":"Heterogeneity of triple negative breast cancer: Current advances in subtyping and treatment implications","volume":"41","author":"Asleh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-023-00508-3","article-title":"Immunotherapy in breast cancer: an overview of current strategies and perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Debien","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147517","article-title":"Immunotherapy in breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Dvir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00667-y","article-title":"Immunotherapy in breast cancer: current landscape and emerging trends","volume":"14","author":"Ran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124481","article-title":"Recent progress of microneedles in transdermal immunotherapy: A review","volume":"662","author":"Ai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.003","article-title":"Microneedle-based nanodrugs for tumor immunotherapy","volume":"380","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.08.036","article-title":"Diagnostic and drug release systems based on microneedle arrays in breast cancer therapy","volume":"338","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-020-00518-z","article-title":"The use of micro-needle arrays to deliver cells for cellular therapies","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Microdevices"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3tb90166a","article-title":"Introduction to microneedles","volume":"11","author":"Donnelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.12.019","article-title":"Microneedles for painless transdermal immunotherapeutic applications","volume":"330","author":"Amani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119877","article-title":"Panorama of dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"284","author":"Dalvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113794","article-title":"Dissolving microneedles in transdermal drug delivery: A critical analysis of limitations and translation challenges","volume":"383","author":"Moawad","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2022.213151","article-title":"Polymeric microneedles for enhanced drug delivery in cancer therapy","volume":"142","author":"Mbituyimana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.01.009","article-title":"Nanoparticle-integrated dissolving microneedles for the co-delivery of R848\/aPD-1 to synergistically reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"176","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4bm00741g","article-title":"A stimulus responsive microneedle-based drug delivery system for cancer therapy","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.10.013","article-title":"Microneedles integrated with atorvastatin-loaded pumpkisomes for breast cancer therapy: A localized delivery approach","volume":"376","author":"Heikal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2202809","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"387","author":"Cortes","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad240","article-title":"Health-related quality of life with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy vs placebo plus chemotherapy for advanced triple-negative breast cancer: KEYNOTE-355","volume":"116","author":"Cescon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.3456","article-title":"Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in early breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Villacampa","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2112651","article-title":"Event-free survival with pembrolizumab in early triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"386","author":"Schmid","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.02.002","article-title":"Event-free survival by residual cancer burden with pembrolizumab in early-stage TNBC: exploratory analysis from KEYNOTE-522","volume":"35","author":"Pusztai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1153990","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30754-3","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (KEYNOTE-119): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Winer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32531-9","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy for previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (KEYNOTE-355): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial","volume":"396","author":"Cortes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101134","article-title":"The association between CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-023-06972-6","article-title":"Efficacy relevance of PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy","volume":"200","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14069","article-title":"Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target","volume":"110","author":"Ohue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02119-3","article-title":"Altered metabolism in cancer: insights into energy pathways and therapeutic targets","volume":"23","author":"Tufail","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-023-00038-w","article-title":"Immunosurveillance encounters cancer metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Chuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.10480","article-title":"Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for patients with triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"332","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2019.10.010","article-title":"Homologous recombination repair deficiency and the immune response in breast cancer: A literature review","volume":"13","author":"Pellegrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2022.06.004","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: resistance mechanisms and future perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Vathiotis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1385484","article-title":"Intratumoral delivery of immunotherapy to treat breast cancer: current development in clinical and preclinical studies","volume":"15","author":"Mantooth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00905-y","article-title":"Bispecific and multispecific antibodies in oncology: opportunities and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Goebeler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.868695","article-title":"The evasion mechanisms of cancer immunity and drug intervention in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01990-4","article-title":"Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and mechanism of immunotherapy-based drug resistance in breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Kundu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316771","article-title":"Targeting the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer: prognostic and predictive significance and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"24","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Cejudo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03394-8","article-title":"Reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment: cold-to-hot transition for enhanced immunotherapy","volume":"44","author":"Imani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040763","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer: prognostic and predictive significance across molecular subtypes","volume":"12","author":"Ciarka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-6668-z","article-title":"Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00714-6","article-title":"Towards targeting the breast cancer immune microenvironment","volume":"24","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-11231-6","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment in breast cancer: cellular crosstalk, pathways, and therapeutic insights","volume":"53","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(17)30904-x","article-title":"Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 3771 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"19","author":"Denkert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-13-0127","article-title":"PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"2","author":"Mittendorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy517","article-title":"Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: cohort A of the phase II KEYNOTE-086 study","volume":"30","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04122-5","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoformulations for breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Velapure","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov Nano"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010365","article-title":"Intratumoral microbiota predicts the response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz158","article-title":"A randomised phase II study investigating durvalumab in addition to an anthracycline taxane-based neoadjuvant therapy in early triple-negative breast cancer: clinical results and biomarker analysis of GeparNuevo study","volume":"30","author":"Loibl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2021.188526","article-title":"Delivery routes matter: Safety and efficacy of intratumoral immunotherapy","volume":"1875","author":"De Lombaerde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4tb00659c","article-title":"Dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1039\/9781839165603-00094","article-title":"Intradermal and transdermal drug delivery using microneedles - Fabrication, performance evaluation and application to lymphatic delivery","volume":"153","author":"Sabri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-01056-8","article-title":"Advances in microneedle-based transdermal delivery for drugs and peptides","volume":"12","author":"Aich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.045","article-title":"Dissolving microneedles: Applications and growing therapeutic potential","volume":"348","author":"Sartawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2022.213001","article-title":"Composite dissolvable microneedle patch for therapy of oral mucosal diseases","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16093417","article-title":"Preparation and properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone\/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose soluble microneedles","volume":"16","author":"Qiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202411869","article-title":"Self-oxygenating PROTAC microneedle for spatiotemporally-confined protein degradation and enhanced glioblastoma therapy","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.01.147","article-title":"Dissolving microneedle system containing Ag nanoparticle-decorated silk fibroin microspheres and antibiotics for synergistic therapy of bacterial biofilm infection","volume":"661","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.04.043","article-title":"Dissolvable polymer microneedles for drug delivery and diagnostics","volume":"347","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122298","article-title":"Targeting TGF\u03b2 receptor-mediated snail and twist: WSG, a polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, and it-based dissolvable microneedle patch suppress melanoma cells","volume":"341","author":"Lo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.120106","article-title":"Recent progress of 3D-printed microneedles for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"593","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.08.022","article-title":"3D-printed microneedle arrays for drug delivery","volume":"350","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122693","article-title":"A review of 3D-printing of microneedles","volume":"14","author":"Olowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.07.023","article-title":"Microneedle-enabled therapeutics delivery and biosensing in clinical trials","volume":"360","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2021.07.002","article-title":"Polymeric microneedle-mediated sustained release systems: Design strategies and promising applications for drug delivery","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.4c00125","article-title":"Microneedles as a promising technology for disease monitoring and drug delivery: A review","volume":"5","author":"Hulimane Shivaswamy","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Mater Au"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9100806","article-title":"Dissolving and swelling hydrogel-based microneedles: An overview of their materials, fabrication, characterization methods, and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Shriky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00720-1","article-title":"Cryomicroneedles for transdermal cell delivery","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10457","article-title":"Co-delivery of dendritic cell vaccine and anti-PD-1 antibody with cryomicroneedles for combinational immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3bm00780d","article-title":"Personalized demand-responsive biphasic microneedle patch for smart drug administration","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-01048-8","article-title":"Dissolving microneedle rollers for rapid transdermal drug delivery","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105269","article-title":"Hyaluronan molecular weight: Effects on dissolution time of dissolving microneedles in the skin and on immunogenicity of antigen","volume":"146","author":"Leone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105361","article-title":"Dissolving microneedle arrays with optimized needle geometry for transcutaneous immunization","volume":"151","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.075","article-title":"Dissolvable carboxymethyl cellulose\/polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedle arrays for transdermal delivery of Amphotericin B to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"182","author":"Zare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2024.213865","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid-oleylamine and chitosan-oleic acid conjugate-based hybrid nanoparticle delivery via. dissolving microneedles for enhanced treatment efficacy in localized breast cancer","volume":"160","author":"Jha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202103359","article-title":"Efficient drug delivery into skin using a biphasic dissolvable microneedle patch with water-insoluble backing","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17091100","article-title":"Rapidly dissolving microneedles incorporating lidocaine hydrochloride: A PVP\/PVA-based approach for local anesthesia","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202102180","article-title":"Synergistically detachable microneedle dressing for programmed treatment of chronic wounds","volume":"11","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-082323-030832","article-title":"Barrier integrity and immunity: Exploring the cutaneous front line in health and disease","volume":"43","author":"Fukuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114451","article-title":"Interference of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles with pathways for biomedical applications","volume":"188","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.11.023","article-title":"Dissolving undercut microneedle arrays for multicomponent cutaneous vaccination","volume":"317","author":"Balmert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn304235j","article-title":"Skin dendritic cell targeting via microneedle arrays laden with antigen-encapsulated poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles induces efficient antitumor and antiviral immune responses","volume":"7","author":"Zaric","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.03.1672","article-title":"Microneedle-mediated immunization promotes lung CD8+ T-cell immunity","volume":"143","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.10.008","article-title":"Structural design strategies of microneedle-based vaccines for transdermal immunity augmentation","volume":"351","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115109","article-title":"Strategies to develop polymeric microneedles for controlled drug release","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.07.031","article-title":"Separable nanocomposite hydrogel microneedles for intradermal and sustained delivery of antigens to enhance adaptive immune responses","volume":"185","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.125118","article-title":"Advanced transdermal drug delivery system: A comprehensive review of microneedle technologies, novel designs, diverse applications, and critical challenges","volume":"670","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01854-4","article-title":"Enhancing vaccine stability in transdermal microneedle platforms","volume":"15","author":"Pahal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl Res"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1607210","article-title":"Advances in clinical applications of microneedle","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1bm01249e","article-title":"Microneedle-mediated transdermal nanodelivery systems: a review","volume":"9","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407870","article-title":"Exploiting unique features of microneedles to modulate immunity","volume":"35","author":"Edwards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202301420","article-title":"Construction of pH-sensitive nanovaccines encapsulating tumor cell lysates and immune adjuvants for breast cancer therapy","volume":"19","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122249","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of a microparticle-based transdermal vaccine patch against metastatic breast cancer","volume":"627","author":"Zaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.04.039","article-title":"A dissolvable microneedle platform for the delivery of tumor-derived total RNA nanovaccines for enhanced tumor immunotherapy","volume":"199","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113726","article-title":"Soluble-microneedle enhance three T-cell activation signals as efficient tumor vaccines for melanoma prevention and treatment","volume":"383","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.12.076","article-title":"Ice-pop making inspired photothermal ultra-swelling microneedles to facilitate loading and intradermal vaccination of tumor antigen","volume":"379","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400678","article-title":"Intradermal delivery of cell vaccine via ice microneedles for cancer treatment","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202412140","article-title":"Microneedles at the forefront of next generation theranostics","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2025.100360","article-title":"Construction and applications of exosome-microneedle integrated systems","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Pharm X"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.04.031","article-title":"Microneedle-assisted vaccination combined with autophagy regulation for antitumor immunotherapy","volume":"357","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10614-x","article-title":"Preparation of chitosan nanoparticle containing recombinant CD44v antigen and evaluation of its immunization capacity against breast cancer in BALB\/c mice","volume":"23","author":"Gheybi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2020.08.013","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy of breast cancer using recombinant Helicobacter pylori proteins","volume":"155","author":"Mohabati Mobarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1804-7","article-title":"The concurrent effects of azurin and Mammaglobin-A genes in inhibition of breast cancer progression and immune system stimulation in cancerous BALB\/c mice","volume":"9","author":"Ghasemi-Dehkordi","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.10.047","article-title":"Enhanced antitumor immunity by targeting dendritic cells with tumor cell lysate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles vaccine","volume":"113","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ace97b","article-title":"Application of microneedles combined with dendritic cell-targeted nanovaccine delivery system in percutaneous immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"34","author":"Weng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c10509","article-title":"LASIP: Light-Activated STING Immunotherapeutic Patch: A multifunctional microneedle platform for combinatorial mild hyperthermia with immunotherapy in breast cancer","volume":"17","author":"Mathew","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.10.042","article-title":"Immunomodulatory microneedle patch for enhanced ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death in postoperative tumor therapy","volume":"376","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.034","article-title":"Dual-ferroptosis induction-based microneedle patches for enhanced chemodynamic\/photothermal combination therapy against triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01962-1","article-title":"Neratinib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in dissolvable microneedles for enhanced transdermal breast cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Singha","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl Res"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58075-z","article-title":"Wearable flexible ultrasound microneedle patch for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308479","article-title":"Diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic multifunctional microneedles","volume":"20","author":"Ertas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28217411","article-title":"Smart responsive microneedles for controlled drug delivery","volume":"28","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101321","article-title":"Smart drug delivery and responsive microneedles for wound healing","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202209966","article-title":"Dissolvable self-locking microneedle patches integrated with immunomodulators for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Joo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202506115","article-title":"Biomimetic manganese mineralized chemoimmunological microneedles priming cGAS-STING for robust cascade cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c01914","article-title":"Steerable microneedles enabling deep delivery of photosensitizers and CRISPR\/Cas9 systems for effective combination cancer therapy","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/671684","article-title":"Implanted microneedles loaded with sparfloxacin and zinc-manganese sulfide nanoparticles activates immunity for postoperative triple-negative breast cancer to prevent recurrence and metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Chu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c09833","article-title":"Mesoporous microneedles enabled localized controllable delivery of stimulator of interferon gene agonist nanoexosomes for FLASH radioimmunotherapy against breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21596","article-title":"A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity","volume":"70","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00339","article-title":"Local and targeted delivery of immune checkpoint blockade therapeutics","volume":"53","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113951","article-title":"Advanced biomaterials for the targeted delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors to solid tumors","volume":"384","author":"Henrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b05030","article-title":"Enhanced cancer immunotherapy by microneedle patch-assisted delivery of anti-PD1 antibody","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m606352200","article-title":"Recognition of hyaluronan released in sterile injury involves a unique receptor complex dependent on Toll-like receptor 4, CD44, and MD-2","volume":"282","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2023.2232950","article-title":"Construction and application of microneedle-mediated photothermal therapy and immunotherapy combined anti-tumor drug delivery system","volume":"30","author":"Weng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Delivery"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.09.089","article-title":"Magnitude of therapeutic STING activation determines CD8(+) T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity","volume":"25","author":"Sivick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202300066","article-title":"A conformable ultrasound patch for cavitation-enhanced transdermal cosmeceutical delivery","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s537983","article-title":"Dissolvable microneedle administration combined with ultrasonic cavitation promotes melanoma penetrating capability of Ce6","volume":"20","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11647","article-title":"Tolerogenic nano-\/microparticle vaccines for immunotherapy","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512832112","article-title":"STING activation of tumor endothelial cells initiates spontaneous and therapeutic antitumor immunity","volume":"112","author":"Demaria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c02670","article-title":"Carrier-free nanoadjuvant-loaded bilayer microneedles for programmed and individualized cancer chemo-immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00920-9","article-title":"Targeting immunogenic cell stress and death for cancer therapy","volume":"23","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304384","article-title":"Turning threat to therapy: A nanozyme-patch in surgical bed for convenient tumor vaccination by sustained in situ catalysis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-18-0367","article-title":"Fundamental mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade therapy","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3646","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating skin immunity and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Pasparakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113919","article-title":"Microneedle-mediated vaccination: Innovation and translation","volume":"179","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.415","article-title":"Dissolving microneedle delivery of nanoparticle-encapsulated antigen elicits efficient cross-priming and Th1 immune responses by murine Langerhans cells","volume":"135","author":"Zaric","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114263","article-title":"Development of a dissolving microneedle patch for transdermal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with enhanced stability and immunogenicity","volume":"388","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ra00747e","article-title":"Dissolving microneedles delivering cancer cell membrane coated nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01856-3","article-title":"Cell shape sensing licenses dendritic cells for homeostatic migration to lymph nodes","volume":"25","author":"Alraies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.11.010","article-title":"Nano-immunotherapy: Overcoming tumour immune evasion","volume":"69","author":"Guevara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120709","article-title":"Nanobiomaterial-based vaccination immunotherapy of cancer","volume":"270","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.010","article-title":"Tissue-specific abundance of interferon-gamma drives regulatory T cells to restrain DC1-mediated priming of cytotoxic T cells against lung cancer","volume":"56","author":"Zagorulya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0210-z","article-title":"Dendritic cells in cancer immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Wculek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.01.004","article-title":"Intratumoral CD8(+) T cells with a tissue-resident memory phenotype mediate local immunity and immune checkpoint responses in breast cancer","volume":"41","author":"Virassamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2056-8","article-title":"Peripheral T cell expansion predicts tumour infiltration and clinical response","volume":"579","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.06.017","article-title":"Resident memory T cells and cancer","volume":"57","author":"Gavil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abg7836","article-title":"A reservoir of stem-like CD8(+) T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node preserves the ongoing antitumor immune response","volume":"6","author":"Connolly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54145-w","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics reveals substantial heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancer with potential clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0333-y","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory T cells in breast cancer control and immunotherapy responses","volume":"17","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01323-8","article-title":"A single-cell map of intratumoral changes during anti-PD1 treatment of patients with breast cancer","volume":"27","author":"Bassez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.07.021","article-title":"Successful anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapy requires T cell-dendritic cell crosstalk involving the cytokines IFN-\u03b3 and IL-12","volume":"49","author":"Garris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.026","article-title":"Conventional type I dendritic cells maintain a reservoir of proliferative tumor-antigen specific TCF-1(+) CD8(+) T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes","volume":"54","author":"Schenkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.215","article-title":"Clinical relevance of host immunity in breast cancer: from TILs to the clinic","volume":"13","author":"Savas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00490-y","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity","volume":"21","author":"Veglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720948115","article-title":"Macrophages impede CD8 T cells from reaching tumor cells and limit the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment","volume":"115","author":"Peranzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1914-8","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma","volume":"577","author":"Cabrita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-23-0613","article-title":"CD25high effector regulatory T cells hamper responses to PD-1 blockade in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"83","author":"Fattori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.c.6507398.v1","article-title":"l-Arginine depletion blunts antitumor T-cell responses by inducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"75","author":"Fletcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01238-x","article-title":"Natural killer cells in cancer biology and therapy","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3560","article-title":"Generation of a new therapeutic peptide that depletes myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice","volume":"20","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00799-6","article-title":"Elimination of acquired resistance to PD-1 blockade via the concurrent depletion of tumour cells and immunosuppressive cells","volume":"5","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c08368","article-title":"Delivery of peptide-LYTAC via Polyporus polysaccharide microneedles for targeted CD47 degradation and enhanced tumor immunotherapy","volume":"147","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019104063","article-title":"Stromal cell diversity associated with immune evasion in human triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101324","article-title":"Natural innate and adaptive immunity to cancer","volume":"29","author":"Vesely","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.014","article-title":"Developmental relationships of four exhausted CD8(+) T cell subsets reveals underlying transcriptional and epigenetic landscape control mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Beltra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25962-0","article-title":"Spatial immunophenotypes predict response to anti-PD1 treatment and capture distinct paths of T cell evasion in triple negative breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Hammerl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy024","article-title":"Unravelling triple-negative breast cancer molecular heterogeneity using an integrative multiomic analysis","volume":"29","author":"Bareche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2024.102817","article-title":"Evolving immunotherapeutic solutions for triple-negative breast carcinoma","volume":"130","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00565-2","article-title":"Treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer - expanded options, evolving needs","volume":"19","author":"Bianchini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.674192","article-title":"The immunology of hormone receptor positive breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Goldberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149038","article-title":"Tumor-retained lipid nanoparticle-microneedle systems for codelivery of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and indocyanine green for synergistic immuno-photothermal therapy of superficial tumors","volume":"334","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.02.011","article-title":"Challenges in delivering therapeutic peptides and proteins: a silk-based solution","volume":"345","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010928","article-title":"Consensus statement on essential biomarkers for immunotherapy clinical protocols","volume":"13","author":"Cottrell","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1711415","article-title":"Integrating molecular targeting and immune modulation in triple-negative breast cancer: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic innovation","volume":"16","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02108-4","article-title":"Breast cancer: pathogenesis and treatments","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56279-x","article-title":"Cellular interactions within the immune microenvironment underpins resistance to cell cycle inhibition in breast cancers","volume":"16","author":"Griffiths","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2018.11.013","article-title":"Hyaluronan-based dissolving microneedles with high antigen content for intradermal vaccination: formulation, physicochemical characterization and immunogenicity assessment","volume":"134","author":"Leone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2211459","article-title":"Analysis of In Vitro cytotoxicity of carbohydrate-based materials used for dissolvable microneedle arrays","volume":"37","author":"Yalcintas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-024-03665-7","article-title":"Intradermal vaccination with PLGA nanoparticles via dissolving microneedles and classical injection needles","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.078","article-title":"Microneedles: a smart approach and increasing potential for transdermal drug delivery system","volume":"109","author":"Waghule","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.05.002","article-title":"Recent advances in microneedle composites for biomedical applications: advanced drug delivery technologies","volume":"103","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831221\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:28:46Z","timestamp":1778819326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831221\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":182,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"article-number":"1831221"}}