{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:35:32Z","timestamp":1786707332243,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":214,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder whose precise pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Although Western medicine treatment has definite efficacy, it has disadvantages such as long medication cycles and many adverse reactions. According to literature review, traditional Chinese therapy acupuncture helps regulate immune disorders in SS patients. This regulation effectively alleviates symptoms such as xerostomia, xerophthalmia, fatigue, and joint pain, while also improving emotional disturbances like anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, most available relevant clinical studies are flawed by single-center design, small sample sizes and insufficient blinding, resulting in poor overall methodological quality and limited credibility of the clinical evidence. Furthermore, one randomized controlled study found that acupuncture yielded no superior effects on core symptom relief relative to sham acupuncture, with the between-group difference failing to reach statistical significance. This narrative review comprehensively synthesizes the available evidence, sorts out the potential mechanisms underlying acupuncture for Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome \u2014 including regulating pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-\u03b1 and IL-17, modulating immunoglobulin levels, and restoring Th17\/Treg balance \u2014 and summarizes relevant clinical studies. Meanwhile, it identifies common limitations of current research, namely insufficient sample sizes, non-standard trial protocol design, and poor methodological rigor. This review aims to provide references for future clinical trials, as well as novel insights and strategic directions for the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1831496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:05:14Z","timestamp":1786705514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acupuncture treatment for Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a narrative review on mechanism of treatment and clinical application"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Pu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zinan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]},{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(05)66990-5","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"366","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.17718","article-title":"Reviewing primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: Beyond the dryness - 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