{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:55:19Z","timestamp":1781585719050,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU114-MF-47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU114-MF-47"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111-2320-B-039-034-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2320-B-039-034-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eosinophils amplify type-2 (Th2) inflammation and tissue injury in allergic rhinitis (AR), and eosinophilic burden correlates with disease severity and future asthma risk. Current AR therapies have limitations, motivating interest in non-pharmacologic neuromodulatory approaches. Here, we tested whether electroacupuncture (EA) attenuates eosinophilic inflammation in AR and probed a candidate neuroimmune mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model, we compared EA with the antihistamine chlorpheniramine (CLP). We assessed nasal behaviors, inflammatory biomarkers, and histological changes. Mechanistic exploration involved administering \u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -adrenergic (butoxamine) or dopamine D1 (butaclamol) antagonists before EA, followed by plasma catecholamine measurements and intranasal epinephrine rescue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In OVA-challenged mice, EA significantly alleviated nasal rubbing, redness, and olfactory dysfunction, showing comparable efficacy to CLP. While OVA induction increased IL-5, IL-13, and serum OVA-specific IgE, both treatments significantly reduced these markers. Crucially, only EA reversed OVA-induced nasal eosinophil infiltration and suppressed RNASE2A expression; CLP primarily suppressed mast cell degranulation and MCPT1 expression. Mechanistically, pre-treatment with butoxamine\u2014but not butaclamol\u2014abolished the EA-mediated reduction of OVA-induced IL-5, IL-13, RNASE2A, and CCR4. Furthermore, EA was associated with elevated plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. While butoxamine blocked EA-induced symptom relief and eosinophil reduction, intranasal epinephrine mimicked EA\u2019s beneficial effects on these parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings demonstrate that EA reduces eosinophilic inflammation and AR behaviors associated with the activation of \u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -adrenergic receptors. Unlike standard antihistamines that target mast cells, EA engages a sympathetic neuroimmune axis, representing a promising complementary intervention for eosinophil-driven AR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1832773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:28:03Z","timestamp":1781584083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroacupuncture as an eosinophil-targeting treatment in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis involving \u03b22-adrenergic receptor in a mouse model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tran Van Bao","family":"Quach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]},{"name":"Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Can 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