{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:47:45Z","timestamp":1782712065205,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis prevalence is elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Biological therapies targeting cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-12\/23 (IL-12\/23) are central to IBD management, yet their impact on periodontal health remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional, hypothesis-generating design, 45 patients with IBD were examined and stratified into three groups according to their biological therapy: anti-TNF therapy (n = 15), anti-IL-12\/23 therapy (n = 15), and a control group not receiving these biologics (n = 15). Periodontal status was assessed using the Periodontal Screening Index (PSI; codes 0\u20134) across all sextants as a standardized screening measure. Medical history, oral hygiene behavior, and prior periodontal diagnoses were documented. To assess local immune activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 16 patients exhibited either known or previously undiagnosed periodontitis, with interindividual variability in severity. Patients receiving anti-IL-12\/23 therapy exhibited lower mean and maximal PSI scores compared with anti-TNF\u2013treated patients, and no sextants with advanced periodontal inflammation (PSI 3\u20134) were detected in this group. In contrast, active or latent periodontitis was observed in both the anti-TNF and control cohorts. Concordantly, IL-6 levels in GCF were significantly reduced in patients undergoing IL-12\/23 blockade compared with controls, indicating attenuated local inflammatory signaling at the periodontal interface. These findings were observed despite no statistically significant differences in clinical or endoscopic disease activity between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These exploratory findings suggest that systemic inhibition of the IL-12\/23 axis in IBD is associated with reduced periodontal inflammatory burden and decreased local IL-6 activity, supporting a role for IL-23\u2013dependent immune pathways in linking intestinal and oral mucosal inflammation. While causality cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study, the data provide a mechanistic rationale for further longitudinal investigations into the impact of cytokine-targeted biologic therapy on the oral\u2013gut immune axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1832952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:38:58Z","timestamp":1782711538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of anti-TNF and anti-IL-12\/IL-23 antibody therapy on periodontal inflammation and gingival crevicular fluid IL-6 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Neurath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University 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