{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:00:11Z","timestamp":1781154011452,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 AI102851, UM1 AI148450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 AI102851, UM1 AI148450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The concept that immune cells, specifically T cells, become established and reside in peripheral tissues, especially at barrier sites, has been around for several decades. Recent studies have revealed substantial heterogeneity at the cellular level that depends on the type of immune response and tissue environment, among many other factors. Nevertheless, some features are common to most resident memory T cells, especially CD8+ cells. These include certain surface receptors and transcription factors. It is important to understand how tissue-resident memory (T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) T cells develop and function, as these cells are critical for subsequent protective immune responses when the same or antigenically drifted variants of a pathogen are encountered. CD8+ T cells resembling T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    can be found in solid tumors and correlate with prognosis. It is attractive to consider devising strategies to generate T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    for preventive or therapeutic interventions. While there is information on how resident memory T cells develop, our understanding is incomplete, and many questions remain. Here, we review the origins and early observations on the concept of memory T cell residency, models of how and where resident memory forms, and the open questions that remain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1834618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:36:13Z","timestamp":1781152573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Origins of CD8 tissue resident memory"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Topham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"S9","article-title":"How T cells navigate","author":"Bordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Milestones"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35005534","article-title":"Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions [see comments","volume":"401","author":"Sallusto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1521-4141(199906)29:06<2037::aid-immu2037>3.0.co;2-v","article-title":"Switch in chemokine receptor expression upon TCR stimulation reveals novel homing potential for recently activated T cells","volume":"29","author":"Sallusto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(04)00021-4","article-title":"The collagen binding alpha1beta1 integrin VLA-1 regulates CD8 T cell-mediated immune protection against heterologous influenza infection","volume":"20","author":"Ray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201682","article-title":"Cutting edge: intravascular staining redefines lung CD8 T cell responses","volume":"189","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2029","article-title":"Regional and mucosal memory T cells","volume":"131","author":"Sheridan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(04)00103-7","article-title":"Dynamics of blood-borne CD8 memory T cell migration in vivo","volume":"20","author":"Klonowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490280213","article-title":"T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system","volume":"28","author":"Hickey","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5284.94","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes [published erratum appears in Science 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1821","volume":"274","author":"Altman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058867","article-title":"Preferential localization of effector memory cells in nonlymphoid tissue","volume":"291","author":"Masopust","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35065111","article-title":"Visualizing the generation of memory CD4 T cells in the whole body","volume":"410","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.4.1653","article-title":"Heterosubtypic immunity to influenza type A virus in mice. 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