{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:33:22Z","timestamp":1789889602721,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer (iNK) T cells are innate T cells known for their ability to shape adaptive immunity toward inflammation or immune-suppression via the rapid production of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type cytokines from corresponding iNKT subsets such as NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17. IL-10-producing invariant NKT cells, termed NKT10 cells, are thought to play an immunoregulatory role, but their potential clinical use remains underexplored. We characterized human NKT10 cells from cord-derived iNKT cells and investigated their therapeutic utility in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Cord and cord-derived iNKT cells contained a high frequency of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD25\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD161\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    FoxP3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    iNKT cells and showed Th2\/Th10-biased cytokine production upon antigenic stimulation. Accordingly, cord-derived iNKT cells displayed a distinct gene expression profile with upregulated genes related to NKT2, NKT10, and regulatory T cells compared with adult donor-derived iNKT cells. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of cord-derived iNKT cells confirmed the presence of NKT10-like subset that was enriched with multiple immunoregulatory pathways and genes related to immune-checkpoints (\n                    <jats:italic>NRP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CLTA-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>GITR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and NKT10 (\n                    <jats:italic>MAF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>FoxP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), whereas the NKT1\/17-like subset present in adult donor-derived iNKT cells showed upregulation of genes related to cytotoxicity (\n                    <jats:italic>GZMA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>KLRD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PRF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), NKR (\n                    <jats:italic>KLRK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>KLRB1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>KLRG1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>NKG7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), NKT1 (\n                    <jats:italic>EOMES<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TBX21<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and NKT17 (\n                    <jats:italic>RORC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Lastly, cord-derived iNKT cells suppressed alloreactive T cell proliferation\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and ameliorated xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease where the immunodeficient NSG mice received human peripheral blood mononuclear cells supplemented with cord-derived iNKT cells. Thus, NKT10-enriched, cord-derived iNKT cells are candidate cell therapeutics for immune-modulation in allogeneic stem cell transplantation and other autoimmune diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1834739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T05:40:48Z","timestamp":1781070048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human NKT10 cells are enriched in cord-derived invariant natural killer T cells and mediate immune-regulation in a xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abel","family":"Trujillo-Ocampo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United 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Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelita","family":"Clinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United 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Hospital and University Health Center","place":["Sioux Falls, SD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinler","family":"Amaral Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Houston","place":["Houston, TX, United 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