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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellular senescence constitutes the core biological basis of body aging. It not only directly drives the occurrence and progression of multiple age-related diseases, but also establishes and maintains a chronic inflammatory microenvironment through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), thereby continuously exacerbating tissue functional decline. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy, as the first revolutionary therapy in cancer immunotherapy, has opened up new ways to intervene in age-related diseases with its excellent target elimination capabilities. This article first studies the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence and its pathological effects. Then a systematic overview of the design principles, development trajectory and current applications of CAR-T technology is given, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical advances in aging-related cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. We also dive into key current challenges, including immune-senescence, target reliability, and treatment safety. Finally, we will explore the future optimization direction of CAR-T therapy and its translational potential through various strategies such as engineered immune cells and combination therapy, hoping to provide valuable insights into research and clinical practice in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1835582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:05:01Z","timestamp":1781769901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research advances and application prospects of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of age-related diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoge","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, 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