{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:36:13Z","timestamp":1776836173234,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that presents with both cutaneous manifestations and extracutaneous comorbidities. Current treatment options include antibiotics and biologics; however, treatment failure is common and often surgical intervention is required for acceptable control. Anti-TL1A therapies have recently gained attention in HS treatment due to their ability to inhibit the TL1A\/DR3 axis, a key signaling pathway driving immune cell activity and fibrosis. Participant recruitment for the phase 2b trial (NCT06956235) assessing the efficacy of anti-TL1A therapy tulisokibart in moderate-to severe HS was reported on 1 December, 2025 to be completed. This review aims to explore the potential links between the TL1A and HS by synthesizing immune mechanisms of HS pathogenesis with existing data of the TL1A\/DR3 axis in immune pathways. A discussion highlighting the potential for anti-TL1A therapies as a class that simultaneously addresses fibrosis and comorbidities of HS is also presented, and future directions to address knowledge gaps are also proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1837120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:36:43Z","timestamp":1776832603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unravelling the TL1A-DR3 axis in Hidradenitis suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juling","family":"Sia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernett","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Singapore Immunology Network (SigN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR)","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Infectious Disease Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR)","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat Hospital","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazel H.","family":"Oon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"National Skin Centre and Skin Research Institute of Singapore","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16115","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of current treatment options","volume":"61","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad345","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: new insights into disease mechanisms and an evolving treatment landscape","volume":"190","author":"Krueger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02475-9","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"405","author":"Sabat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002345","article-title":"Essentials of hidradenitis suppurativa: a comprehensive review of diagnostic and treatment perspectives","volume":"86","author":"Pandey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223211055920","article-title":"New perspectives on the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"12","author":"Amat-Samaranch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092311","article-title":"Surgical treatment in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"11","author":"Shukla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477459","article-title":"Swiss practice recommendations for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa","volume":"233","author":"Hunger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2022.05.013","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa leads to increased risk of wound-related complications following total joint arthroplasty","volume":"16","author":"Gouzoulis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthroplasty Today"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.891328","article-title":"Role of TL1A in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314076","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody tulisokibart for ulcerative colitis","volume":"391","author":"Sands","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00071-8","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody tulisokibart for Crohn\u2019s disease: a phase 2a induction trial","volume":"10","author":"Feagan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00129-3","article-title":"Anti-TL1A antibody, afimkibart, in moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (TUSCANY-2): a multicentre, double-blind, treat-through, multi-dose, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"10","author":"Danese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.20","article-title":"The tale of TL1A in inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Hsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4033","article-title":"The T cell costimulator TL1A is induced by Fc\u03b3R signaling in human monocytes and dendritic cells","volume":"178","author":"Prehn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq129","article-title":"Two functionally distinct isoforms of TL1A (TNFSF15) generated by differential ectodomain shedding","author":"M\u00fcck","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903782","article-title":"The TNF-like protein 1A\u2013death receptor 3 pathway promotes macrophage foam cell formation in vitro","volume":"184","author":"McLaren","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00583","article-title":"TL1A (TNFSF15) and DR3 (TNFRSF25): a co-stimulatory system of cytokines with diverse functions in gut mucosal immunity","volume":"10","author":"Valatas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173460","article-title":"Directed evolution of a soluble human DR3 receptor for the inhibition of TL1A induced cytokine secretion","volume":"12","author":"Levin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11337.1","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: an update on connecting the tracts","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.033","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa is characterized by dysregulation of the Th17:Treg cell axis, which is corrected by anti-TNF therapy","volume":"137","author":"Moran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae238","article-title":"Unravelling the complex pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"192","author":"Frew","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14075","article-title":"Dysregulated cytokine expression in lesional and nonlesional skin in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"173","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.07.010","article-title":"Expression of the IL-23\/Th17 pathway in lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"65","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.0141","article-title":"Association of hidradenitis suppurativa with T helper 1\/T helper 17 phenotypes: a semantic map analysis","volume":"154","author":"Thomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.04.036","article-title":"Intrinsic defect in keratinocyte function leads to inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"136","author":"Hotz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.04.009","article-title":"Differentiating the role of inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa from that in other inflammatory skin diseases","volume":"145","author":"Byrd","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology12030025","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characterisation of the interstitial inflammatory environment: T-cell- and B-cell-dominant subtypes of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"12","author":"Abu Rached","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dermatopathology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16071","article-title":"Frequency of circulating subpopulations of T-regulatory cells in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"34","author":"Hessam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139930","article-title":"Contribution of plasma cells and B cells to hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Gudjonsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.10.098","article-title":"092 efficacy and safety of the oral Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, remibrutinib, in patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa in a randomized, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled platform study","volume":"144","author":"Gudjonsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2120771120","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis","volume":"120","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.70","article-title":"Sustained TL1A expression modulates effector and regulatory T-cell responses and drives intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia","volume":"4","author":"Taraban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060136","article-title":"The TNF-family cytokine TL1A inhibits proliferation of human activated B cells","volume":"8","author":"Cavallini","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301475","article-title":"TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) gene knockout leads to ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis in mice: implication of TL1A in humoral immune responses","volume":"191","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.006","article-title":"TL1A priming induces a multi-cytokine Th9 cell phenotype that promotes robust allergic inflammation in murine models of asthma","volume":"17","author":"Niese","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10643.x","article-title":"Alterations in leucocyte subsets and histomorphology in normal-appearing perilesional skin and early and chronic hidradenitis suppurativa lesions: HS histomorphology and leucocyte subsets","volume":"166","author":"Van Der Zee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S111019","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: from pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Napolitano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2021.100001","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: host-microbe and immune pathogenesis underlie important future directions","volume":"1","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JID Innov"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10254.x","article-title":"Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-10 in hidradenitis suppurativa skin: a rationale for targeting TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2","volume":"164","author":"van der Zee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098428","article-title":"New insight into the molecular pathomechanism and immunomodulatory treatments of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"24","author":"Molinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/der2.113","article-title":"The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: evolving paradigms in a complex disease","volume":"3","author":"Kozera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Rev"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281688","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets are enriched in the skin of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"18","author":"Petrasca","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI169225","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing reveals Hippo signaling as a driver of fibrosis in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"134","author":"van Straalen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2409274121","article-title":"CD2 expressing innate lymphoid and T cells are critical effectors of immunopathogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"121","author":"Pratap Kashyap","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19495","article-title":"Haptoglobin is an independent marker for disease severity and risk for metabolic complications in hidradenitis suppurativa: a prospective study","volume":"38","author":"Abu Rached","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08425.x","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 is highly expressed in lesions of acne inversa and colocalizes with C-type lectin receptor","volume":"158","author":"Hunger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-017-1074-y","article-title":"The critical role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.665873","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular and transcriptional changes associated with M1 macrophage polarization in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"8","author":"Mariottoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19538","article-title":"Identifying key components and therapeutic targets of the immune system in hidradenitis suppurativa with an emphasis on neutrophils","volume":"184","author":"Narla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17706","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps are widely distributed across lesional and perilesional hidradenitis suppurativa skin, and elevated serum NET markers associate with moderate to severe HS disease","volume":"64","author":"van Dalen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav5908","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps, B cells, and type 1 interferons contribute to immune dysregulation in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"11","author":"Byrd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.04.021","article-title":"The tumor necrosis factor-family receptor DR3 is essential for diverse T-cell mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"29","author":"Meylan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118220","article-title":"TL1A primed dendritic cells activation exacerbated chronic murine colitis","volume":"262","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.10.014","article-title":"Microbiota-induced TNF-like ligand 1A drives group 3 innate lymphoid cell-mediated barrier protection and intestinal T cell activation during colitis","volume":"49","author":"Castellanos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10125","article-title":"Analysis of therapeutic potential of preclinical models based on DR3\/TL1A pathway modulation (review)","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2004.12.019","article-title":"Identification of naturally secreted soluble form of TL1A, a TNF-like cytokine","volume":"298","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115017","article-title":"TL1A as a target in inflammatory bowel disease: Exploring mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"26","author":"Tettoni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7325","article-title":"Soluble TNF-like cytokine (TL1A) production by immune complexes stimulated monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"178","author":"Cassatella","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3877617","article-title":"TNF-like ligand 1 aberrance aggravates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via M1 macrophage polarization","volume":"2021","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.07.021","article-title":"Death receptor 3 promotes chemokine-directed leukocyte recruitment in acute resolving inflammation and is essential for pathological development of mesothelial fibrosis in chronic disease","volume":"186","author":"Perks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11304-8","article-title":"Activation of DR3 signaling causes loss of ILC3s and exacerbates intestinal inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2025.100350","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa tunnels: Unveiling a unique disease entity","volume":"5","author":"Vecin","year":"2025","journal-title":"JID Innov"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13978","article-title":"Contribution of fibroblasts to tunnel formation and inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa\/ acne inversa","volume":"28","author":"Frew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282763","article-title":"Human dermal fibroblast subpopulations and epithelial mesenchymal transition signals in hidradenitis suppurativa tunnels are normalized by spleen tyrosine kinase antagonism in vivo","volume":"18","author":"Flora","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-024-2875-1","article-title":"TL1A promotes fibrogenesis in colonic fibroblasts via the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad3 signaling pathway","volume":"44","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75168-5","article-title":"Direct signaling of TL1A-DR3 on fibroblasts induces intestinal fibrosis in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1682346","article-title":"GB20-5A8-31, an anti-TL1A antibody for treating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444528","article-title":"TL1A regulates TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ intraepithelial lymphocytes and gut microbial composition","volume":"45","author":"Tougaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0539-1","article-title":"TL1A regulates adipose-resident innate lymphoid immune responses and enables diet-induced obesity in mice","volume":"44","author":"Tougaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-1231","article-title":"A TRAIL-TL1A paracrine network involving adipocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes induces adipose tissue dysfunction downstream of E2F1 in human obesity","volume":"69","author":"Maixner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2025.100419","article-title":"High prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: A guide to easily assess the clinical risk of comorbid liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Frings","year":"2025","journal-title":"JID Innov"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518793787","article-title":"Increased circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A and decoy receptor 3 correlate with SYNTAX score in patients undergoing coronary surgery","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00354-2","article-title":"Review of comorbidities of hidradenitis suppurativa: Implications for daily clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"Tzellos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2019.06.026","article-title":"Comorbidities of hidradenitis suppurativa: A review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Cartron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae190.0039B","article-title":"OP41 Duvakitug (TEV-48574), an anti-TL1a monoclonal antibody, demonstrates efficacy and favourable safety as an induction treatment in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: Results from a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, basket trial (RELIEVE UCCD)","volume":"19","author":"Reinisch","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae190.0039A","article-title":"OP40 Duvakitug (TEV-48574), an anti-TL1a monoclonal antibody, demonstrates efficacy and favourable safety as an induction treatment in adults with moderately to severely active Crohn\u2019s disease: results from a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging, basket trial (RELIEVE UCCD)","volume":"19","author":"Jairath","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.011","article-title":"Anti-TL1A antibody PF-06480605 safety and efficacy for ulcerative colitis: A phase 2a single-arm study","volume":"19","author":"Danese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02198-9","article-title":"Circulating TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) is elevated early in rheumatoid arthritis and depends on TNF","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes316","article-title":"Increased levels of soluble TNF-like cytokine 1A in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"52","author":"Konsta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S391356","article-title":"Adalimumab, ustekinumab, and secukinumab in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa: A review of the real-life experience","volume":"16","author":"Martora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf231.1165","article-title":"P0984 Phase 1 interim results for XmAb942, a potential best-in-class, long-acting anti-TL1A antibody for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Osterman","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139932","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa and response to anti\u2013TNF-\u03b1 therapy","volume":"5","author":"Lowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1837120\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:36:47Z","timestamp":1776832607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1837120\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1837120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1837120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"article-number":"1837120"}}