{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:30:39Z","timestamp":1792161039348,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to obesity-related comorbidities. Exercise is widely recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy, but evidence regarding its biomarker-specific anti-inflammatory effects remains fragmented. This study integrated bibliometric analysis with an umbrella review to map global trends and evaluate the certainty of evidence regarding exercise-induced immunomodulation in overweight and obese populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bibliometric data from 2005 to 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection to map publication trends, knowledge structure, and emerging research topics. Concurrently, a comprehensive search across five databases through December 1, 2025 identified pairwise meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methodological quality and primary-study overlap were evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), and the corrected covered area (CCA). Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were re-estimated using random-effects models, and evidence certainty was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The bibliometric analysis of 12,101 records revealed a shift in research emphasis toward mechanism-oriented topics, including cellular immune crosstalk and inflammatory pathway regulation. The umbrella review included 25 meta-analyses encompassing 342 RCTs (&amp;gt;30,000 participants). Class II evidence supported exercise-related reductions in C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = -0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.23), interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) (SMD = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.17), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.14). The IL-1\u03b2 estimate demonstrated improved consistency following sensitivity analysis. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) showed Class III evidence, whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were supported by Class IV evidence, mainly because of substantial heterogeneity, publication bias, limited information size, or high review overlap. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) showed no significant systemic response (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.45; Class V).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise is associated with favorable changes in several systemic inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese populations, with the most consistent evidence for CRP, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-8. Nevertheless, evidence maturity remains uneven across biomarkers, underscoring the need for better-standardized and adequately powered randomized trials to support precision exercise prescription.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420251246180.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1838118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:46:32Z","timestamp":1779255992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exercise-induced changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese populations: a bibliometric analysis and umbrella review of meta-analyses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aichun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia","place":["Perth, WA, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, Hainan Normal University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101322","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity","volume":"29","author":"Gregor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf9382","article-title":"Metaflammation in obesity and its therapeutic targeting","volume":"15","author":"Schleh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25189802","article-title":"Hypoxia in human obesity: New insights from inflammation towards insulin resistance-a narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Mirabelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00304","article-title":"Adipokines, diabetes and atherosclerosis: An inflammatory association","volume":"6","author":"Freitas Lima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2017.10","article-title":"Microglia activation due to obesity programs metabolic failure leading to type two diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Maldonado-Ruiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13020359","article-title":"Decoding health: Exploring essential biomarkers linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01897-y","article-title":"Toward exercise guidelines for optimizing fat oxidation during exercise in obesity: A systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"53","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Guevara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103607","article-title":"Physical exercise and myokines: Relationships with sarcopenia and cardiovascular complications","volume":"21","author":"Barbalho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061899","article-title":"The role of exercise in the interplay between myokines, hepatokines, osteokines, adipokines, and modulation of inflammation for energy substrate redistribution and fat mass loss: A review","volume":"12","author":"Gonzalez-Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa016","article-title":"Muscle-organ crosstalk: The emerging roles of myokines","volume":"41","author":"Krogh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00437-9","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00164.2004","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise","volume":"98","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.49","article-title":"Muscles, exercise and obesity: Skeletal muscle as a secretory organ","volume":"8","author":"Pedersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1253329","article-title":"Long-term exercise training and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.310","article-title":"Effect of diet with and without exercise training on markers of inflammation and fat distribution in overweight women","volume":"19","author":"Fisher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2021-000071","article-title":"Conducting umbrella reviews","volume":"1","author":"Belbasis","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v15.i6.1353","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1405094","article-title":"Effects of different exercise modalities on inflammatory markers in the obese and overweight populations: Unraveling the mystery of exercise and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1579572","article-title":"Global research trends in sarcopenia: A bibliometric analysis of exercise and nutrition (2005-2025)","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1615045","article-title":"Global trends and hotspots of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: A literature review and bibliometric analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1408466","article-title":"Exploring molecular mechanisms of exercise on metabolic syndrome: A bibliometric and visualization study using CiteSpace","volume":"15","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-9","article-title":"Current experience with applying the grade approach to public health interventions: An empirical study","volume":"13","author":"Rehfuess","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.07.015","article-title":"Grade guidance 35: Update on rating imprecision for assessing contextualized certainty of evidence and making decisions","volume":"150","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/js9.0000000000001586","article-title":"Research hotspots and frontiers of neoadjuvant therapy in triple-negative breast cancer: A bibliometric analysis of publications between 2002 and 2023","volume":"110","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Surg (London England)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","article-title":"Bibliometrix: An r-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis","volume":"11","author":"Aria","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Informetrics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307513100","article-title":"Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive knowledge domain visualization","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3","article-title":"Software survey: Vosviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping","volume":"84","author":"van Eck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2022.sep.02","article-title":"SCImago Graphica: A new tool for exploring and visually communicating data","volume":"31","author":"Hassan-Montero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Profesional la Informaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The prisma 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B30","unstructured":"Obesity"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000543033","article-title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents","volume":"97","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: A critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.06.005","article-title":"ROBIS: A new tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews was developed","volume":"69","author":"Whiting","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.70092","article-title":"Umbrella reviews: Concepts, methodological frameworks, and step-by-step implementation","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1610","article-title":"ccaR: A package for assessing primary study overlap across systematic reviews in overviews","volume":"14","author":"Bougioukas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007","article-title":"Systematic review finds overlapping reviews were not mentioned in every other overview","volume":"67","author":"Pieper","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01269-y","article-title":"Managing overlap of primary study results across systematic reviews: Practical considerations for authors of overviews of reviews","volume":"21","author":"Lunny","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5867\/medwave.2021.02.8109","article-title":"The grade approach, part 1: How to assess the certainty of the evidence","volume":"21","author":"Kirmayr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medwave"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/rsm.2025.10014","article-title":"Optimal large language models to screen citations for systematic reviews","volume":"16","author":"Oami","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7140","article-title":"Random effects meta-analysis: Coverage performance of 95% confidence and prediction intervals following REML estimation","volume":"36","author":"Partlett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8422","article-title":"Estimation in meta-analyses of mean difference and standardized mean difference","volume":"39","author":"Bakbergenuly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.414","article-title":"Diabetes and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Boyle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000015987","article-title":"The trim-and-fill method for publication bias: Practical guidelines and recommendations based on a large database of meta-analyses","volume":"98","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2025.2561349","article-title":"Combined effects of physical activity and diet on chronic inflammation of overweight\/obese children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Zalagkitis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112941","article-title":"Resistance training enhances metabolic and muscular health and reduces systemic inflammation in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis","volume":"229","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61091697","article-title":"Effects of concurrent training on biomarkers, morphological variables, and physical performance in people with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis with meta-regression","volume":"61","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2024.103119","article-title":"Can exercise as a complementary technique manage inflammatory markers in women with breast cancer who are overweight and obese? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51832-y","article-title":"The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.366","article-title":"Combined aerobic and resistance training improves body composition, alters cardiometabolic risk, and ameliorates cancer-related indicators in breast cancer patients and survivors with overweight\/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17525","article-title":"Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2023.101234","article-title":"The impacts of exercise interventions on inflammaging markers in overweight\/obesity patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"47","author":"Malandish","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJC Heart Vasc"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091322","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent obesity with somatic indicators of stress, inflammation, and dysmetabolism before and after intervention: A meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Dragoumani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112310","article-title":"Effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00766-5","article-title":"Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13564","article-title":"Long-term effects of different exercise training modes on cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight\/obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004211044754","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle intervention on inflammatory markers and waist circumference in overweight\/obese adults with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013224","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of different training modalities on the inflammatory response in adolescents with obesity","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s0022-4707.22.14103-4","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Hejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004221132841","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Hejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1873732","article-title":"The impact of exercise training versus caloric restriction on inflammation markers: A systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Khalafi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101656","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training through reducing inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokine levels in overweight\/obese populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.754731","article-title":"Calorie restriction with exercise intervention improves inflammatory response in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12862","article-title":"Influences of exercise interventions on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13754","article-title":"The impact of high-intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in metabolic disorders: A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Khalafi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2017.0269","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise on adiponectin, leptin, and inflammatory markers in childhood obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Sirico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Obes"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.274","article-title":"Exercise-based interventions and C-reactive protein in overweight and obese youths: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"79","author":"Garc\u00eda Hermoso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111933","article-title":"The effects of ageing, BMI and physical activity on blood IL-15 levels: A systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"168","author":"Prado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1409660","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on body composition and metabolic health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13954","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of different exercise modes on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses","volume":"26","author":"Khalafi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1462104","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of various combined interventions for type 2 diabetes and obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01649-6","article-title":"Effects of various exercise types on inflammatory response in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.03.007","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of different exercise types on inflammatory markers in women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.921085","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on body composition and inflammatory cytokine levels in overweight and obese individuals: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.24131","article-title":"Myokine secretion during moderate-intensity physical activity: Dose-response of interleukin 6 to walking duration","volume":"36","author":"Kistner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00538-4","article-title":"Interleukin 6 as an energy allocator in muscle tissue","volume":"4","author":"Kistner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16263","article-title":"An overview of obesity-related complications: The epidemiological evidence linking body weight and other markers of obesity to adverse health outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15767","article-title":"Visceral fat mass dynamics in a 2-year randomized strength versus endurance training trial in people with obesity","volume":"26","author":"Lehmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19246","article-title":"Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue","volume":"112","author":"Weisberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19451","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485","article-title":"Inflammation and metabolic disorders","volume":"444","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135846","article-title":"Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"72","author":"Olefsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00379.2020","article-title":"Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity","volume":"320","author":"Kawai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2023-000787","article-title":"New insights into understanding obesity: From measures to mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Timpson","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091324","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity-related complications in children: The protective effect of diet and its potential role as a therapeutic agent","volume":"10","author":"Calcaterra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.145295","article-title":"Obesity-induced inflammation: The impact of the hematopoietic stem cell niche","volume":"6","author":"Bowers","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11162524","article-title":"An exploratory critical review on TNF-\u03b1 as a potential inflammatory biomarker responsive to dietary intervention with bioactive foods and derived products","volume":"11","author":"Quarta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000003376","article-title":"Effects of a cycling versus running HIIT program on fat mass loss and gut microbiota composition in men with overweight\/obesity","volume":"56","author":"Couvert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-01029-7","article-title":"Gut microbiota and metabolic responses to a 12-week caloric restriction combined with strength and hiit training in patients with obesity: A randomized trial","volume":"16","author":"Nechalov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-095999","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials","volume":"51","author":"Fedewa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1648-4653","article-title":"Interval training with different intensities in overweight\/obese adolescent females","volume":"43","author":"Abassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9010042","article-title":"Adipokines profile and inflammation biomarkers in prepubertal population with obesity and healthy metabolic state","volume":"9","author":"Cobos-Palacios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1368835","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases and exercise intervention","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.065","article-title":"Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis","volume":"157","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3804","article-title":"The ketone metabolite \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"21","author":"Youm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9465-4","article-title":"Hemodynamic regulation of inflammation at the endothelial-neutrophil interface","volume":"36","author":"Ji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7507\/1672-2531.202306137","article-title":"Efficacy of different exercise type on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity: A network meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Evidence-Based Med"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf017","article-title":"Obesity and exercise: New insights and perspectives","volume":"46","author":"James","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-121605","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese individuals","volume":"49","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6040097","article-title":"Exercise increases adiponectin and reduces leptin levels in prediabetic and diabetic individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Becic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1653449","article-title":"Unveiling the perfect workout: Exercise modalities and dosages to ameliorate adipokine dysregulation in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709787315568","article-title":"Obesity: Pathophysiology and clinical management","volume":"16","author":"Gurevich-Panigrahi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081222","article-title":"Exercise-induced muscle\u2013fat crosstalk: Molecular mediators and their pharmacological modulation for the maintenance of metabolic flexibility in aging","volume":"18","author":"Tero-Vescan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2018.563","article-title":"The effect of aerobic training with difference durations on serum IL-10 in middle-aged obese females","volume":"14","author":"Eizadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Buchar)"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10040107","article-title":"Psychophysiological adaptations to yoga practice in overweight and obese individuals: A topical review","volume":"10","author":"Batrakoulis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281356","article-title":"Interpreting 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine responses to exercise: Focus on interleukin-10","volume":"599","author":"Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1838118\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:46:35Z","timestamp":1779255995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1838118\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1838118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1838118","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"article-number":"1838118"}}