{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T06:37:44Z","timestamp":1793860664186,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages integrate metabolic signals with immune activation, and their ability to handle fatty acids is central to preventing lipotoxicity and to sustaining effector functions. In cardiometabolic settings such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and atherosclerosis, chronic exposure to excess free fatty acids and toxic lipid species, such as ceramides, disrupts organelle integrity, impairs efferocytosis, and skews macrophages toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes. This review examines how macrophages channel fatty acids into \u03b2-oxidation, glycerolipid synthesis and storage, sphingolipid production, and polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived lipid mediator biosynthesis to shape the balance among metabolic adaptation, inflammatory activation, resolution, and lipid-induced dysfunction. We also highlight lipin-1 as a regulatory node at a key branchpoint in macrophage lipid metabolism. By linking glycerolipid synthesis, lipid storage, mitochondrial metabolism, and inflammatory signaling, lipin-1 illustrates how lipid routing can influence macrophage function in cardiometabolic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:41:34Z","timestamp":1781239294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fatty acid metabolism and lipid channeling in macrophages: mechanisms of inflammation, resolution, and lipotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Temitayo T.","family":"Bamgbose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","place":["Shreveport, LA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwakemi O.","family":"Igiehon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","place":["Shreveport, LA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Nion-Fieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","place":["Shreveport, LA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora R.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","place":["Shreveport, LA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrii","family":"Andriichuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","place":["Shreveport, LA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Woolard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","place":["Shreveport, LA, United States"]},{"name":"Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes (CAIPP), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center","place":["Shreveport, LA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci57784","article-title":"DGAT1-dependent triacylglycerol storage by macrophages protects mice from diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation","volume":"120","author":"Koliwad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.02.053","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids engage an IRE1alpha-dependent pathway to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells","volume":"14","author":"Robblee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17460875.2.4.465","article-title":"Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases and fatty acid channeling","volume":"2","author":"Mashek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future Lipidol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101341","article-title":"Macrophage polarization state affects lipid composition and the channeling of exogenous fatty acids into endogenous lipid pools","volume":"297","author":"Morgan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2009","article-title":"Membrane fatty acid transporters as regulators of lipid metabolism: implications for metabolic disease","volume":"90","author":"Glatz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2956","article-title":"Cell-intrinsic lysosomal lipolysis is essential for alternative activation of macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.002","article-title":"Macrophage fatty acid metabolism and atherosclerosis: the rise of PUFAs","volume":"291","author":"Menegaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2021.159066","article-title":"Lipid scavenging macrophages and inflammation","volume":"1867","author":"Vogel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1099-7","article-title":"The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications","volume":"447","author":"Palmieri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00141","article-title":"A role for the Krebs cycle intermediate citrate in metabolic reprogramming in innate immunity and inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2210\/pdb2cf2\/pdb","article-title":"Architecture of mammalian fatty acid synthase at 4.5 A resolution","volume":"311","author":"Maier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2589","article-title":"Fatty acid-binding proteins: role in metabolic diseases and potential as drug targets","volume":"7","author":"Furuhashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2067","article-title":"Reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress through a macrophage lipid chaperone alleviates atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Erbay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.r800085-jlr200","article-title":"Regulation of fatty acid uptake into tissues: lipoprotein lipase- and CD36-mediated pathways","author":"Goldberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17881-3","article-title":"Triacylglycerol synthesis enhances macrophage inflammatory function","volume":"11","author":"Castoldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.09.006","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in regulation of macrophage functions","volume":"30","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq1984","article-title":"Macrophage acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulates acute inflammation through control of glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Yeudall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.ra118.001921","article-title":"An unexpected link between fatty acid synthase and cholesterol synthesis in proinflammatory macrophage activation","volume":"293","author":"Carroll","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04235-0","article-title":"Metformin alleviates inflammation through suppressing FASN-dependent palmitoylation of Akt","volume":"12","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.01.020","article-title":"Macrophages and lipid metabolism","volume":"330","author":"Remmerie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.11.009","article-title":"SREBP1 contributes to resolution of pro-inflammatory TLR4 signaling by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Oishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1813458115","article-title":"SREBP-1a-stimulated lipid synthesis is required for macrophage phagocytosis downstream of TLR4-directed mTORC1","volume":"115","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519109104593","article-title":"Peroxisomes and beta-oxidation of long-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids","volume":"204","author":"Hiltunen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(95)00011-9","article-title":"beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and bacteria: a century of continued progress","volume":"34","author":"Kunau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.016","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming mediated by the mTORC2-IRF4 signaling axis is essential for macrophage alternative activation","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.012","article-title":"Glycolytic stimulation is not a requirement for M2 macrophage differentiation","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.06.007","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation is dispensable for human macrophage IL-4-induced polarization","volume":"1841","author":"Namgaladze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.06.001","article-title":"Etomoxir inhibits macrophage polarization by disrupting CoA homeostasis","volume":"28","author":"Divakaruni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.09.018","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation in macrophages and T cells: time for reassessment","volume":"28","author":"Van Den Bossche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0911453","article-title":"Pivotal advance: arginase-1-independent polyamine production stimulates the expression of IL-4-induced alternatively activated macrophage markers while inhibiting LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes","volume":"91","author":"Van Den Bossche","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00532","article-title":"Metabolism via arginase or nitric oxide synthase: two competing arginine pathways in macrophages","volume":"5","author":"Rath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.005","article-title":"Network integration of parallel metabolic and transcriptional data reveals metabolic modules that regulate macrophage polarization","volume":"42","author":"Jha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15715","article-title":"More than just protein building blocks: how amino acids and related metabolic pathways fuel macrophage polarization","volume":"288","author":"Kieler","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462","article-title":"The metabolic signature of macrophage responses","volume":"10","author":"Viola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2000047","article-title":"Macrophage-associated lipin-1 promotes beta-oxidation in response to proresolving stimuli","volume":"4","author":"Schilke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.120.315758","article-title":"Resolvin D1 enhances necroptotic cell clearance through promoting macrophage fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"41","author":"Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-020-00251-y","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in macrophage responses","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"biomark Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13214","article-title":"The role of efferocytosis-fueled macrophage metabolism in the resolution of inflammation","volume":"319","author":"Schilperoort","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.004","article-title":"Efferocytosis fuels requirements of fatty acid oxidation and the electron transport chain to polarize macrophages for tissue repair","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0085-z","article-title":"Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets","volume":"20","author":"Olzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00131","article-title":"Classical activation of macrophages leads to lipid droplet formation without de novo fatty acid synthesis","volume":"11","author":"Rosas-Ballina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.022","article-title":"Triacylglycerol synthesis directed by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases -3 and -4 is required for lipid droplet formation and the modulation of the inflammatory response during macrophage to foam cell transition","volume":"316","author":"Quiroga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01199-x","article-title":"Lipid droplet accumulation mediates macrophage survival and Treg recruitment via the CCL20\/CCR6 axis in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0630588100","article-title":"Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity","volume":"100","author":"Listenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.07.006","article-title":"Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage","volume":"1862","author":"Welte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.04.013","article-title":"The biology of lipid droplet-bound mitochondria","volume":"108","author":"Veliova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17513","article-title":"Dysregulated lipolysis and lipophagy in lipid droplets of macrophages from high fat diet-fed obese mice","volume":"26","author":"Getiye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2114739119","article-title":"Triglyceride breakdown from lipid droplets regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages","volume":"119","author":"Van Dierendonck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07976","article-title":"Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism","volume":"458","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2024.2446840","article-title":"Lipophagy: exploring its association with male reproductive system disorders and investigating potential mechanisms","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201803153","article-title":"Lipid droplet size directs lipolysis and lipophagy catabolism in hepatocytes","volume":"218","author":"Schott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04593-3","article-title":"The regulation, function, and role of lipophagy, a form of selective autophagy, in metabolic disorders","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m110.107854","article-title":"Efficient phagocytosis requires triacylglycerol hydrolysis by adipose triglyceride lipase","volume":"285","author":"Chandak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02631-z","article-title":"Hormone-sensitive lipase drives pro-resolving macrophage polarization and enhances efferocytosis","volume":"24","author":"Watanabe","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44612","article-title":"Effect of modulation of PPAR-gamma activity on Kupffer cells M1\/M2 polarization in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2017.32.1.41","article-title":"The role of macrophage lipophagy in reverse cholesterol transport","volume":"32","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1104725","article-title":"Lipid droplets and polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking: balancing life and death","volume":"11","author":"Danielli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108838","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids: conversion to lipid mediators, roles in inflammatory diseases and dietary sources","volume":"24","author":"Harwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.997403","article-title":"Eicosanoids in inflammation in the blood and the vessel","volume":"13","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13479","article-title":"Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology","volume":"510","author":"Serhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.01.018","article-title":"Boosting inflammation resolution in atherosclerosis: the next frontier for therapy","volume":"187","author":"Fredman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2017.00086","article-title":"Mechanisms and consequences of defective efferocytosis in atherosclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Yurdagul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02060-14","article-title":"Francisella tularensis LVS induction of prostaglandin biosynthesis by infected macrophages requires specific host phospholipases and lipid phosphatases","volume":"82","author":"Navratil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2065","article-title":"Francisella tularensis-infected macrophages release prostaglandin E2 that blocks T cell proliferation and promotes a Th2-like response","volume":"178","author":"Woolard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3859","article-title":"Eicosanoid storm in infection and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Dennis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20200018","article-title":"Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: an update on production and actions","volume":"64","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015","article-title":"Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"184","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.07.006","article-title":"Ceramides - lipotoxic inducers of metabolic disorders: (Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 26, 538-550; 2015)","volume":"29","author":"Chaurasia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200306000-00008","article-title":"Lipotoxicity: when tissues overeat","volume":"14","author":"Schaffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.09.017","article-title":"Lipotoxicity in macrophages: evidence from diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome","volume":"1801","author":"Prieur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0686","article-title":"Ceramides contained in LDL are elevated in type 2 diabetes and promote inflammation and skeletal muscle insulin resistance","volume":"62","author":"Boon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2279","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"17","author":"Vandanmagsar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07098-5","article-title":"IL-10 constrains sphingolipid metabolism to limit inflammation","volume":"627","author":"York","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9924415","article-title":"Ceramide interaction with the respiratory chain of heart mitochondria","volume":"39","author":"Di Paola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1293","article-title":"Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and enhances whole-body oxygen consumption","volume":"59","author":"Ussher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m110.137604","article-title":"Sphingolipid-mediated inhibition of apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages","volume":"285","author":"Petrusca","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.m076398","article-title":"Ceramide activation of RhoA\/Rho kinase impairs actin polymerization during aggregated LDL catabolism","volume":"58","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/56535","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids induce ceramide-associated macrophage cell death","volume":"128","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkae010","article-title":"Lipin-1 restrains macrophage lipid synthesis to promote inflammation resolution","volume":"214","author":"Bamgbose","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.109.195362","article-title":"Inhibition of long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetases during fatty acid loading induces lipotoxicity in macrophages","volume":"29","author":"Saraswathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.05.007","article-title":"Fatty acid trafficking in starved cells: regulation by lipid droplet lipolysis, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion dynamics","volume":"32","author":"Rambold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci12590","article-title":"Lack of mitochondrial trifunctional protein in mice causes neonatal hypoglycemia and sudden death","volume":"107","author":"Ibdah","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3173-4","article-title":"Inhibition of macrophage fatty acid beta-oxidation exacerbates palmitate-induced inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses","volume":"57","author":"Namgaladze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo8020029","article-title":"Lipidomic profiling of murine macrophages treated with fatty acids of varying chain length and saturation status","volume":"8","author":"Huynh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-2952(01)00745-6","article-title":"Roles of long chain fatty acids and carnitine in mitochondrial membrane permeability transition","volume":"62","author":"Furuno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m107067200","article-title":"Decreased cardiolipin synthesis corresponds with cytochrome c release in palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis","volume":"276","author":"Ostrander","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m010603200","article-title":"Arachidonic acid causes cell death through the mitochondrial permeability transition. Implications for tumor necrosis factor-alpha aopototic signaling","volume":"276","author":"Scorrano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.3hi0219-045rr","article-title":"Frontline science: Acyl-CoA synthetase 1 exacerbates lipotoxic inflammasome activation in primary macrophages","volume":"106","author":"Kalugotla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01400","article-title":"Pro-resolving mediators in regulating and conferring macrophage function","volume":"8","author":"Dalli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02993","article-title":"New insights on the role of lipid metabolism in the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Batista-Gonzalez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals","volume":"464","author":"Duewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m112.419978","article-title":"Palmitate and lipopolysaccharide trigger synergistic ceramide production in primary macrophages","volume":"288","author":"Schilling","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3904-9","article-title":"Adipose tissue macrophages: going off track during obesity","volume":"59","author":"Boutens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.r066514","article-title":"Lipid signaling and lipotoxicity in metaflammation: indications for metabolic disease pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"57","author":"Ertunc","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4526-6","article-title":"Unique metabolic activation of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity promotes inflammatory responses","volume":"61","author":"Boutens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155505","article-title":"Rewiring of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue macrophages in obesity: impact on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Dahik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20220200","article-title":"Adipose tissue macrophages and their role in obesity-associated insulin resistance: an overview of the complex dynamics at play","volume":"43","author":"Guria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1188844","article-title":"Adipose tissue expansion in obesity, health, and disease","volume":"11","author":"White","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.ej12-0271","article-title":"Adipose tissue inflammation and ectopic lipid accumulation","volume":"59","author":"Suganami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1153915","article-title":"Adipose tissue macrophages as potential targets for obesity and metabolic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.m500294-jlr200","article-title":"Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans","volume":"46","author":"Cinti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092288","article-title":"Adipose tissue immunometabolism and apoptotic cell clearance","volume":"10","author":"Roszer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211948","article-title":"Role of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity-related disorders","volume":"219","author":"Chakarov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024358","article-title":"Clodronate liposomes improve metabolic profile and reduce visceral adipose macrophage content in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1964","article-title":"CD8+ effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity","volume":"15","author":"Nishimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mol.0b013e3283393867","article-title":"Adipose tissue recruitment of leukocytes","volume":"21","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.m064089","article-title":"Exocytosis of macrophage lysosomes leads to digestion of apoptotic adipocytes and foam cell formation","volume":"57","author":"Haka","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.04.005","article-title":"Macrophage functions in lean and obese adipose tissue","volume":"72","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.06.001","article-title":"Specific and complex reprogramming of cellular metabolism in myeloid cells during innate immune responses","volume":"26","author":"Stienstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13002","article-title":"Properties and functions of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity","volume":"155","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7060","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of adipose tissue macrophage function in obesity and diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Appari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.09.023","article-title":"Lipid signaling in adipose tissue: connecting inflammation & metabolism","volume":"1851","author":"Masoodi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.02.26.482134","article-title":"A lipid-associated macrophage lineage rewires the spatial landscape of adipose tissue in early obesity","volume":"8","author":"Stansbury","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.096","article-title":"Metabolically activated adipose tissue macrophages perform detrimental and beneficial functions during diet-induced obesity","volume":"20","author":"Coats","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0365","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00170.2018","article-title":"Lipid mediators of liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"316","author":"Liangpunsakul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040792","article-title":"Roles of ceramides in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Hajduch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.02.051","article-title":"Role of scavenger receptor A and CD36 in diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in hyperlipidemic mice","volume":"138","author":"Bieghs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12170","article-title":"Trapping of oxidized LDL in lysosomes of Kupffer cells is a trigger for hepatic inflammation","volume":"33","author":"Bieghs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(20)30598-5","article-title":"Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 mediates lipid-induced inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"76","author":"Govaere","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1012002","article-title":"The role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in inflammatory disorders and cancer","volume":"13","author":"Gudgeon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.004","article-title":"Soluble TREM2 levels reflect the recruitment and expansion of TREM2(+) macrophages that localize to fibrotic areas and limit NASH","volume":"77","author":"Hendrikx","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hc9.0000000000000265","article-title":"sTREM2 is a plasma biomarker for human NASH and promotes hepatocyte lipid accumulation","volume":"7","author":"Kothari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.11.013","article-title":"Prolonged hypernutrition impairs TREM2-dependent efferocytosis to license chronic liver inflammation and NASH development","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.071118","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha signalling through activation of Kupffer cells plays an essential role in liver fibrosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"55","author":"Tomita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m112.417014","article-title":"Kuppfer cells trigger nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development in diet-induced mouse model through tumor necrosis factor-alpha production","volume":"287","author":"Tosello-Trampont","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.3a0517-188rrr","article-title":"LPS and palmitate synergistically stimulate sphingosine kinase 1 and increase sphingosine 1 phosphate in RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"104","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24001","article-title":"Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis","volume":"52","author":"Tilg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2021.159023","article-title":"Proresolving lipid mediators and liver disease","volume":"1866","author":"Claria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-025-01324-9","article-title":"Anti-atherogenic mechanisms and therapies","volume":"27","author":"Hudson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.115.306256","article-title":"Macrophage phenotype and function in different stages of atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Tabas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci157011","article-title":"Through the layers: how macrophages drive atherosclerosis across the vessel wall","volume":"132","author":"Susser","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1215612","article-title":"Macrophage death in atherosclerosis: potential role in calcification","volume":"14","author":"Neels","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03214-4","article-title":"AIBP controls TLR4 inflammarafts and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7645","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.08.12.669996","article-title":"Increased atherosclerosis and expression of inflammarafts in macrophage foam cells in AIBP-deficient mice","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m110.100321","article-title":"Macrophage fatty-acid synthase deficiency decreases diet-induced atherosclerosis","volume":"285","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14323","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits lipid accumulation in the intestine of atherosclerotic mice and macrophages","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.023","article-title":"Autophagy Regulates Cholesterol Efflux from Macrophage Foam Cells via Lysosomal Acid Lipase","volume":"13","author":"Ouimet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1886839","article-title":"Identification of Novel Lipid Droplet Factors That Regulate Lipophagy and Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophage Foam Cells","volume":"17","author":"Robichaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1097-2765(01)00164-2","article-title":"A PPAR gamma-LXR-ABCA1 pathway in macrophages is involved in cholesterol efflux and atherogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Chawla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad082","article-title":"Macrophage angiotensin-converting enzyme reduces atherosclerosis by increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and fundamentally changing lipid metabolism","volume":"119","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.035","article-title":"Coronary atherosclerotic plaque regression: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"79","author":"Dawson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.122.062557","article-title":"Alirocumab and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: the ARCHITECT study","volume":"147","author":"Perez De Isla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci38911","article-title":"LXR promotes the maximal egress of monocyte-derived cells from mouse aortic plaques during atherosclerosis regression","volume":"120","author":"Feig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03371-3","article-title":"Diversity of macrophage phenotypes and responses in atherosclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Jinnouchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.300760","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis regression: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"114","author":"Feig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.119.313253","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) in macrophages predominate over proinflammatory effects in atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"39","author":"Fotakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.08.005","article-title":"Lipin 1 is an inducible amplifier of the hepatic PGC-1alpha\/PPARalpha regulatory pathway","volume":"4","author":"Finck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m109.023663","article-title":"A conserved serine residue is required for the phosphatidate phosphatase activity but not the transcriptional coactivator functions of lipin-1 and lipin-2","volume":"284","author":"Donkor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.04.007","article-title":"Lipin proteins and glycerolipid metabolism: Roles at the ER membrane and beyond","volume":"1859","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m609537200","article-title":"Insulin controls subcellular localization and multisite phosphorylation of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase, lipin 1","volume":"282","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2210\/pdb6tzy\/pdb","article-title":"Crystal structure of a lipin\/Pah phosphatidic acid phosphatase","volume":"11","author":"Khayyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24929-5","article-title":"The middle lipin domain adopts a membrane-binding dimeric protein fold","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.034","article-title":"mTOR complex 1 regulates lipin 1 localization to control the SREBP pathway","volume":"146","author":"Peterson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04363-w","article-title":"Tip60-mediated lipin 1 acetylation and ER translocation determine triacylglycerol synthesis rate","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.04.159","article-title":"Degradation of human Lipin-1 by BTRC E3 ubiquitin ligase","volume":"488","author":"Ishimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.012","article-title":"Lipin-1 contributes to modified low-density lipoprotein-elicited macrophage pro-inflammatory responses","volume":"242","author":"Navratil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.200.supp.166.37","article-title":"Macrophage-associated lipin-1 enzymatic activity contributes to modified low-density lipoprotein-induced proinflammatory signaling and atherosclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Vozenilek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400238","article-title":"Lipin-1 integrates lipid synthesis with proinflammatory responses during TLR activation in macrophages","volume":"193","author":"Meana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2019.06.003","article-title":"The role of lipins in innate immunity and inflammation","volume":"1864","author":"Balboa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03999-0","article-title":"Lipin-1-derived diacylglycerol activates intracellular TRPC3 which is critical for inflammatory signaling","volume":"78","author":"Casas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.11.008","article-title":"Deletion of SIRT1 from hepatocytes in mice disrupts lipin-1 signaling and aggravates alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"146","author":"Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.01.030","article-title":"miR-217 regulates ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation by disrupting sirtuin 1-lipin-1 signaling","volume":"185","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00787","article-title":"Lipin-1 contributes to IL-4 mediated macrophage polarization","volume":"11","author":"Chandran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.927","article-title":"Myeloid-associated lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulatory activity is atheroprotective","volume":"330","author":"Blackburn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.01.004","article-title":"piRNA-associated germline nuage formation and spermatogenesis require MitoPLD profusogenic mitochondrial-surface lipid signaling","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150114","article-title":"Lipin 1 modulates mRNA splicing during fasting adaptation in liver","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114266","article-title":"Lipin1 ameliorates cognitive ability of diabetic encephalopathy via regulating Ca(2+) transfer through mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes","volume":"150","author":"Zhuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070728","article-title":"Role of cardiolipin in mitochondrial function and dynamics in health and disease: molecular and pharmacological aspects","volume":"8","author":"Paradies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a013235","article-title":"Lipid transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria","volume":"5","author":"Flis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01918-3","article-title":"Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM): a dark horse for diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839069\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:41:42Z","timestamp":1781239302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839069\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":171,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"article-number":"1839069"}}