{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:55:22Z","timestamp":1781585722089,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions are highly susceptible to postoperative pneumonia (POP) due to extensive surgical trauma, impaired consciousness, and prolonged immobilization, which severely compromise recovery and increase mortality. While the \u201cgut-lung axis\u201d highlights the role of gut microbiota in distal pulmonary immune regulation, how preoperative gut signatures predict neurosurgical infections remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study enrolled 50 patients, collecting preoperative and postoperative fecal and plasma samples. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to monitor microbial evolution, and LC-MS\/MS-based untargeted metabolomics characterized systemic metabolic profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although surgical stress reduced microbial diversity across all groups, the POP group exhibited significant preoperative depletion of\n                      <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Metabolomics revealed a preoperative \u201cmetabolic deficiency\u201d state in POP patients, primarily involving impaired fructose and mannose metabolism. Multi-omics integration confirmed that preoperative\n                      <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance positively correlated with the anti-inflammatory metabolite 1-methylnicotinamide. A metabolic signature composed of the top 10 preoperative metabolites predicted POP with an AUC of 1.0.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The disruption of metabolic homeostasis driven by preoperative gut microbiota depletion is a key factor associated with POP susceptibility. Monitoring the preoperative metabolic signature enables precise identification of high-risk individuals and offers a novel pathway for early intervention via the gut-lung axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1781584198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preoperative gut microbiota depletion and metabolomic signatures predict postoperative pneumonia in patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions: a multi-omics prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology, Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yewen","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology, Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.015","article-title":"Postoperative pneumonia after craniotomy: incidence, risk factors and prediction with a nomogram","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.01.032","article-title":"Postoperative complications and implications on patient-centered outcomes","volume":"181","author":"Tevis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00009","article-title":"The gut-lung axis in health and respiratory diseases: a place for inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalks","volume":"10","author":"Enaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1629005","article-title":"Respiratory diseases and the gut microbiota: an updated review","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14081","article-title":"Gut microbiota in brain tumors: an emerging crucial player","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","article-title":"Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"Rooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1677744","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis drives stroke-associated pneumonia: mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies","volume":"19","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1274690","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition is associated with disease severity and host immune responses in COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0139-z","article-title":"Novel metabolic and physiological functions of branched chain amino acids: a review","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313954","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"31","author":"Bartlett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.954339","article-title":"Possible role of gut microbes and host's immune response in gut-lung homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Rastogi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.114372","article-title":"Association between gut microbiota and pneumonia risk: a systematic review and mendelian randomization","volume":"22","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.757718","article-title":"Roseburia intestinalis: a beneficial gut organism from the discoveries in genus and species","volume":"11","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-008-0009-2","article-title":"1-Methylnicotinamide and nicotinamide: two related anti-inflammatory agents that differentially affect the functions of activated macrophages","volume":"56","author":"Biedro\u0144","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110445","article-title":"1-Methylnicotinamide (1-MNA) inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages","volume":"121","author":"Sidor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030562","article-title":"Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism as hallmarks for innate immune cell activation and function","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.765034","article-title":"The mannose receptor: from endocytic receptor and biomarker to regulator of (Meta) inflammation","volume":"12","author":"van der Zande","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2646","article-title":"ABC transporters: the power to change","volume":"10","author":"Rees","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839465\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:30:04Z","timestamp":1781584204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839465\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839465","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"article-number":"1839465"}}