{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:51:00Z","timestamp":1782449460765,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intensive saline-alkaline aquaculture has made\n                      <jats:italic>Shewanella putrefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                      a lethal opportunistic pathogen threatening the indigenous economic fish\n                      <jats:italic>Triplophysa yarkandensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and antibiotic overuse poses severe ecological risks to this fragile ecosystem. The immune imbalance driving hemorrhagic septicemia progression and the therapeutic potential of herbal immunomodulators, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract, in this species remain largely unexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We isolated and identified\n                      <jats:italic>S. putrefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                      as the etiological agent of hemorrhagic septicemia in\n                      <jats:italic>T. yarkandensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Using a therapeutic model, we evaluated the efficacy of\n                      <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract via hematological\/serum biochemical analyses, bacterial clearance assays, histopathology, head kidney transcriptomics, and qRT-PCR, alongside appropriate controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract significantly improved the survival of infected fish (58.1% vs. 43.3% in the PBS group), corrected abnormal physiological indices, accelerated bacterial clearance, relieved visceral inflammatory edema, and maintained respiratory and intestinal mucosal integrity. Transcriptomics revealed that it reversed infection-induced transcriptional chaos, with immune signaling and arachidonic acid metabolism as the core regulatory axes. qRT-PCR confirmed that it orchestrated pro-resolution immune responses via rapid acute inflammation activation and sustained anti-inflammatory cytokine upregulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract acts as both a bacteriostat and a potent immunomodulator, resolving cytokine storm-induced immunopathology through integrated immune regulation. This offers a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for managing bacterial diseases in extreme saline-alkaline aquatic environments, supporting its potential as a natural antibiotic alternative in aquaculture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1839757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:36:00Z","timestamp":1782448560000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycyrrhiza extract alleviates hemorrhagic septicemia in Triplophysa yarkandensis infected with Shewanella putrefaciens: integrated bactericidal and immunomodulatory effects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Huale","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University","place":["Alar, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of 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