{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:03:21Z","timestamp":1784783001862,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathobiology of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Syndrome (PSP-S). However, it is not adequately known whether peripheral inflammation correlates to neuroinflammation in PSP-S. This study aimed to examine a link between peripheral and brain inflammation in PSP-S by integrating blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory profile and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (PET-MRI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-six PSP-S patients and equal number of healthy controls were recruited. Plasma Th17 pathway cytokine (IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-\u03b3, sCD40L, and TNF-\u03b1) levels were measured in all the study participants. CSF levels of these cytokines were measured only in PSP-S patients. The expressions of NF-\u03baB (\n                      <jats:italic>Nfkb1,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Nfkb2)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , inflammasome (\n                      <jats:italic>Nlrp3, Casp1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Il18)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Th17 (\n                      <jats:italic>Il1b, Il6, Il17, Tnfa, Il22, Il23, Rorc,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Stat3)<\/jats:italic>\n                      and anti-inflammatory (\n                      <jats:italic>Tgfb,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Il10<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes were quantified in all the study participants. PET-MRI was carried out in a subset of PSP-S patients (n=12) and eleven disease controls (Parkinson\u2019s Disease=7, and Multiple System Atrophy=4).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Inflammasome (\n                      <jats:italic>Casp1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Il18<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), NF-\u03baB (\n                      <jats:italic>Nfkb1)<\/jats:italic>\n                      and inflammatory (\n                      <jats:italic>Il1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Il6<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes were upregulated in PSP-S patients. Plasma IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-17F levels were significantly elevated in PSP-S patients. IL-1\u03b2 levels significantly correlated between plasma and CSF. PET-MRI indicated neuroinflammation in several brain regions of PSP-S patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation are evident in PSP-S. The positive correlation of higher plasma IL-1\u03b2 levels with neuroinflammation provides preliminary evidence towards the influence of specific peripheral inflammatory molecule on neuroinflammatory basis of PSP-S. The altered immune elements of the current study further reinforce the pathogenic relevance of immune-inflammatory pathways in PSP-S pathobiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1841265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:34:04Z","timestamp":1784781244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peripheral and central inflammation in progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome: an immunological and imaging neuroinflammation study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Saikat","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences","place":["Bangalore, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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