{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:08:28Z","timestamp":1793038108880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by severe synovial inflammation, joint deformities, and progressive tissue destruction. Celastrol (Cel), a natural triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, is a promising therapeutic candidate for RA; however, its application is limited by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and systemic toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop folate-modified liposomes encapsulating Cel (FA-Cel-LPs) to improve its solubility, stability, and joint accumulation, and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory efficacy and associated molecular changes in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FA-Cel-LPs were prepared by thin-film hydration followed by extrusion and characterized for particle size, morphology, polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      release behavior. In LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, cellular uptake, intracellular ROS levels, NF-\u03baB nuclear translocation, COX-2\/iNOS expression, and cytokine secretion were evaluated. In CIA rats, therapeutic efficacy was assessed by paw swelling, arthritis scores,\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      fluorescence imaging, MRI, histological analysis, and micro-CT-based bone parameters. Safety was evaluated using hemolysis, serum biochemical analysis, and organ histology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FA-Cel-LPs showed a mean particle size of 110.65 \u00b1 1.24 nm, an EE of 84.67 \u00b1 2.55%, a PDI of 0.230 \u00b1 0.018, and a sustained release profile with pH-dependent differences\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In RAW264.7 cells, folate-modified liposomes showed greater cellular uptake and were associated with reduced ROS levels, attenuated NF-\u03baB activation, and decreased COX-2, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, with low cytotoxicity. In CIA rats,\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      imaging suggested greater accumulation of FA-Cel-LPs in inflamed joints. Compared with free Cel and Cel-LPs, FA-Cel-LPs more effectively reduced paw swelling and joint inflammation while attenuating bone erosion and preserving joint architecture. Serum ALT and AST levels in the FA-Cel-LPs group remained within physiological ranges and were significantly lower than those in the free Cel group. Organ histology showed no obvious treatment-related injury, suggesting acceptable preliminary safety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FA-Cel-LPs improved the solubility, formulation stability, and apparent joint accumulation of Cel and enhanced its anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects in experimental RA. These effects were associated with reduced ROS\/NF-\u03baB\/COX-2-related inflammatory changes, suggesting FA-Cel-LPs may represent a promising liposomal strategy for RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1841496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:57:43Z","timestamp":1788260263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Folate-modified liposomal celastrol for rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic efficacy and modulation of ROS\/NF-\u03baB\/COX-2-related inflammatory signaling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiquan","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinggao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Run","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The People\u2019s Hospital of Yunhe","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lishui, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-443-23947-2.00081-3","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13103","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review","volume":"320","author":"Aletaha","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00827-y","article-title":"Global epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Finckh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-019-0090-8","article-title":"Burden of rheumatoid arthritis on patients' work productivity and quality of life","volume":"59","author":"Xavier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31491-5","article-title":"Novel treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"389","author":"Burmester","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112857","article-title":"Management of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Radu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Itc1","DOI":"10.7326\/aitc201901010","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"170","author":"Sparks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0786","article-title":"What is rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"327","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114969","article-title":"System pharmacology analysis to decipher the effect and mechanism of active ingredients combination from herb couple on rheumatoid arthritis in rats","volume":"288","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21762","article-title":"Tripterygium wilfordii: an inspiring resource for rheumatoid arthritis treatment","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22454-z","article-title":"Targeted apoptosis of macrophages and osteoclasts in arthritic joints is effective against advanced inflammatory arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109241","article-title":"Celastrol inhibits rheumatoid arthritis by inducing autophagy via inhibition of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"112","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.011","article-title":"Treatment of obesity with celastrol","volume":"161","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adc9324","article-title":"Celastrol suppresses humoral immune responses and autoimmunity by targeting the COMMD3\/8 complex","volume":"8","author":"Shirai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107879","article-title":"Celastrol inhibits rheumatoid arthritis through the ROS-NF-\u03baB-NLRP3 inflammasome axis","volume":"98","author":"Jing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c03279","article-title":"Inflammation-targeted celastrol nanodrug attenuates collagen-induced arthritis through NF-\u03baB and Notch1 pathways","volume":"20","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111822","article-title":"Biomimetic nanoparticles for effective celastrol delivery to targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through the ROS-NF-\u03baB inflammasome axis","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x13500432","article-title":"Celastrol induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synovial cells","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14718","article-title":"Ca(2+) signalling plays a role in celastrol-mediated suppression of synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis patients and experimental arthritis in rats","volume":"176","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1137289","article-title":"Recent advances in drug delivery of celastrol for enhancing efficiency and reducing the toxicity","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113851","article-title":"Liposome composition in drug delivery design, synthesis, characterization, and clinical application","volume":"176","author":"Large","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112737","article-title":"Liposomes containing nanoparticles: preparation and applications","volume":"218","author":"De Leo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114097","article-title":"Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers","volume":"182","author":"Haddadzadegan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16097880","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of celastrol-loaded liposomes","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02347","article-title":"Surface modification of lipid-based nanoparticles","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2021.1903035","article-title":"Functionalized liposomes as drug nanocarriers for active targeted cancer therapy: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Abbasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Liposome Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201820666230619112502","article-title":"Preparation and in vitro evaluation of folated pluronic F87\/TPGS co-modified liposomes for targeted delivery of curcumin","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Drug Delivery"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113525","article-title":"Folate receptor-mediated delivery of mitoxantrone-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles to breast cancer cells","volume":"154","author":"Granja","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s458957","article-title":"Combined ROS sensitive folate receptor targeted micellar formulations of curcumin effective against rheumatoid arthritis in rat model","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.819163","article-title":"Folate receptor beta for macrophage imaging in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Steinz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-023-01508-3","article-title":"Targeted liposomes for macrophages-mediated pulmonary fibrosis therapy","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.01.017","article-title":"Targeted delivery of celastrol to renal interstitial myofibroblasts using fibronectin-binding liposomes attenuates renal fibrosis and reduces systemic toxicity","volume":"320","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157299","article-title":"Enzyme-responsive liposomes target endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis for rheumatoid arthritis therapy","volume":"148","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01231-4","article-title":"Celastrol suppresses colorectal cancer via covalent targeting peroxiredoxin 1","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.46728","article-title":"Celastrol induces ROS-mediated apoptosis via directly targeting peroxiredoxin-2 in gastric cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1039\/d1bm01520f","article-title":"Folate-modified triptolide liposomes target activated macrophages for safe rheumatoid arthritis therapy","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020229","article-title":"Folate-targeted liposomal formulations improve effects of methotrexate in murine collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.01.011","article-title":"Liposomal fasudil, a rho-kinase inhibitor, for prolonged pulmonary preferential vasodilation in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"167","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.07.002","article-title":"Liposomes: advancements and innovation in the manufacturing process","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.11.026","article-title":"Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B41","article-title":"Tissue and intracellular pH in normal periarticular soft tissue and during different phases of antigen induced arthritis in the rat","volume":"26","author":"Andersson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.591365","article-title":"Use of TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and implications for the periodontal status: for the benefit of both","volume":"11","author":"Zamri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2287","article-title":"TNF-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"214","author":"Bradley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.169","article-title":"TNF biology, pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"12","author":"Kalliolias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201912_19656","article-title":"Effect of IL-1\u03b2 on apoptosis of synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis rats via the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41666","article-title":"Characterization and function of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6-induced osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Yokota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.716469","article-title":"NF-\u03baB: at the borders of autoimmunity and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Barnabei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108793","article-title":"Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"230","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102741","article-title":"An overview of the NF-\u03baB mechanism of pathophysiology in rheumatoid arthritis, investigation of the NF-\u03baB ligand RANKL and related nutritional interventions","volume":"20","author":"Ilchovska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13958","article-title":"Nuclear factor-\u03baB in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1196931","article-title":"Targeting transcription factors for therapeutic benefit in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Balendran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2022.68.6.28","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and oxidative stress","volume":"68","author":"Zamudio-Cuevas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.12.024","article-title":"Oxidative stress, consequences and ROS mediated cellular signaling in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"281","author":"Phull","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118671","article-title":"Mesua assamica (King & Prain) kosterm. bark ethanolic extract attenuates rheumatoid arthritis via down-regulating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/COX-2\/iNOS and activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways: A comprehensive study on in-vitro and in-vivo models","volume":"335","author":"Puppala","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.01.016","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 synthesis and secretion: the role of PGE2 synthases","volume":"119","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1fo01078f","article-title":"Inflammation and ROS in arthritis: management by Ayurvedic medicinal plants","volume":"12","author":"Prasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12725","article-title":"Advancements in liposome technology: Preparation techniques and applications in food, functional foods, and bioactive delivery: A review","volume":"20","author":"Ajeeshkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.12.010","article-title":"Hemocompatibility of liposomes loaded with lipophilic prodrugs of methotrexate and melphalan in the lipid bilayer","volume":"160","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Control Release"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1841496\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:57:44Z","timestamp":1788260264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1841496\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1841496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1841496","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"1841496"}}