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This review proposes the \u201cmicrobiome-inflammation-immune axis\u201d as an interpretive working hypothesis to elucidate how dysbiosis and microbial interactions may activate host inflammatory responses, trigger pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways, and remodel the immune microenvironment, thereby potentially facilitating oral cancer progression. Concurrently, this paper emphasizes clinical translation by critically compiling and evaluating relevant clinical analytical indicators\u2014such as peripheral blood inflammatory markers and salivary microbial markers\u2014from the fields of inflammation and microbiology. 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