{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:18:42Z","timestamp":1783059522520,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease resulting from a response driven by self-reactive CD4+ T cells that recognize autoantigenic peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Recent evidence suggests that CD8+ T cells are also important players in this process. This study aims to define the immunopeptidome of HLA class I molecules from RA synovial tissue (ST)- APCs and synovial fluid (SF)-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), and to prove the suitability of this approach to identify peptides recognized by CD8+ T cells from RA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HLA-ABC\/peptide complexes were obtained from DCs generated from healthy subjects (HS), which were pulsed with a pool of RA SF (SF-DCs) or left unpulsed (UP-DCs), or obtained directly from RA ST. Isolated peptides were sequenced by mass spectrometry. The autoantigenicity of a set of ten peptides selected from this repertoire was estimated by their ability to activate CD8+ T cells from RA patients, as measured by the induction of intracellular IFN-\u03b3 expression and surface exposure of CD107a by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 107 to 663 peptides were obtained from DC samples, while over 3, 500 class I peptides were identified from each ST sample. The number of peptides was narrowed down based on prioritization steps that included the selection of sequences derived from RA-relevant, immune-related proteins, for further CD8+ T-cell stimulation assays. The frequencies of CD8+ T cells co-stained for IFN-\u03b3 and CD107a were significantly higher in RA patients than in HS in response to peptides derived from the proteins MIF, ETS1, USF1, VIM, and AHR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present work, we validated the use of an immunopeptidomic strategy to identify a series of novel autoantigenic CD8+ T-cell epitopes for RA, derived from synovial, mostly immune-related proteins, which may be useful for future clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1843318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:38:11Z","timestamp":1783057091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HLA class I-naturally presented synovial tissue peptides are 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