{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:43:33Z","timestamp":1791477813279,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) associated with neurexin-3\u03b1 antibodies is a rarely reported disorder that commonly presents with severe neuropsychiatric manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a patient who tested positive for neurexin-3\u03b1 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies at low titers. The patient presented with seizures, mental and behavioral disturbances, and cognitive impairment. Brain MRI showed increased signal intensity in the bilateral hippocampus and leptomeningeal enhancement in the left cerebral hemisphere. Serum cell-based assay findings, confirmed by tissue-based assay, were positive for neurexin-3\u03b1 antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with anti-neurexin-3\u03b1 encephalitis, with possible concurrent anti-MOG-associated involvement. Clinical symptoms improved after treatment with glucocorticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although overlapping antibodies in AE are relatively common, the co-occurrence of neurexin-3\u03b1 and MOG antibodies has not been previously reported. This case provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurexin-3\u03b1\u2013associated AE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1844545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:49:46Z","timestamp":1782917386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Neurexin-3\u03b1-associated autoimmune encephalitis with co-existence of possible anti-MOG-associated involvement"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rongchuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Fujian)","place":["Quanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Fujian)","place":["Quanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Fujian)","place":["Quanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoer","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Neurological Disorder Center, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service 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