{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:08:45Z","timestamp":1788930525541,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272536, 82460436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272536, 82460436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postmenopausal metabolic dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a multisystem disorder associated with estrogen deficiency, yet how gut microbial, metabolic, and tissue-level alterations co-occur across organs remains incompletely characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we used an ovariectomy (OVX) mouse model and an integrated multiomics strategy to characterize systemic alterations in gut microbiota, metabolites in colonic contents and circulation, and tissue-level molecular profiles across the colon, liver, skeletal muscle, and bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OVX mice showed higher body weights at multiple postoperative time points, lower serum estradiol concentrations, differences in selected inflammatory and bone-turnover markers, representative histological differences across multiple tissues, and OVX\u2013Sham differences in femoral microarchitecture. Shotgun metagenomic profiling showed significant differences in gut microbial composition, with lower evenness-sensitive diversity and differences in dominant taxa. Metabolomic profiling of colonic contents demonstrated global differences in the luminal metabolic profile, including lower relative abundances of major short-chain fatty acids, differences in bile acid composition, and prominent tryptophan-related features. At the host interface, colonic transcriptomic analysis identified annotations related to epithelial membrane polarity, vesicle trafficking, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, and bile acid- and energy-sensing pathways. Among the 19 differential circulating bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, most were lower in OVX mice. Feature-level analyses identified multiple hepatic metabolite and bile acid differences, whereas the hepatic transcriptome did not show significant global separation; differential-expression and gene-set enrichment analyses nonetheless identified selected differences related to lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and molecular transport. Distal tissues also displayed molecular differences, including a significant global transcriptomic difference in skeletal muscle and a significant global metabolomic difference in bone; differential bone metabolites were annotated to energy-, amino-acid-, lipid-, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate\u2013protein kinase G (cGMP\u2013PKG)-related pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, these findings define a gut-associated, multiorgan pattern of OVX-related remodeling characterized by concurrent microbial, metabolite, and tissue-level differences. This descriptive, associative, and hypothesis-generating dataset provides a reference for future studies testing the relevance of these OVX-associated patterns to menopause-associated metabolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1847257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:41:29Z","timestamp":1788928889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiorgan and gut microbial alterations in ovariectomized mice: a multiomics analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chongwen","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanhu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuchang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second 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