{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:47:45Z","timestamp":1793742465896,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is primarily characterized by interleukin-23\/T helper 17 (IL-23\/Th17)-related inflammation, but clinical and epidemiological observations also suggest recurrent temporal features, including seasonal fluctuation, nocturnal symptom exacerbation, sleep\u2013wake disturbance, and circadian-related risk contexts. Here, we propose the Dual Zeitgeber Model as a hypothesis-generating and testable chronobiological framework for organizing these observations. The central hypothesis is that persistent misalignment between the light\u2013suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)\u2013neuroendocrine axis (Axis I) and the feeding\u2013metabolism\u2013microbiome axis (Axis II) may contribute to immune temporal desynchronization. Within this framework, immune jet lag is reserved for this hypothesized state of immune temporal desynchronization. This concept describes a condition in which neuroendocrine immune gating and metabolic\u2013microbial immune signals may become temporally misaligned. This hypothesis raises several testable questions: whether Axis I\u2013Axis II temporal relationships are associated with disease activity, whether abnormal immune temporal organization persists over time, and whether adjunctive circadian-oriented strategies may provide mechanistic insight or potential clinical value alongside established therapies. More broadly, this framework reframes time as a measurable, stratifiable, and testable research dimension, thereby providing new directions for circadian phenotype-based stratification, longitudinal tracking of disease trajectories and treatment responses, and the design of time-controlled intervention studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1848727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:41:04Z","timestamp":1785390064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual zeitgeber axes in psoriasis: a chronobiological framework for immune jet lag"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Haiying","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Guangzhou, 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