{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:50:19Z","timestamp":1792461019006,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Janus kinase (JAK)\/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, alopecia areata (AA), vitiligo, etc. Many cytokines are involved in the occurrence and development of these diseases through the JAK-STAT-mediated intracellular signaling. Small molecule JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have demonstrated substantial efficacy in the treatment of many diseases, especially in inflammatory skin diseases. For example, abrocitinib and upadacitinib have been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD, and baricitinib has been approved for the treatment of severe AA. Meanwhile, clinical and preclinical studies of various JAKis for other skin diseases are ongoing. However, the traditional classification of inflammatory skin diseases according to the T helper (Th) immune axis fails to distinguish between cytokine signals that are mechanistically dependent on the JAK-STAT pathway and those that are not, thus limiting its utility for guiding targeted therapy. Accordingly, we propose a functional refinement framework that integrates JAK-dependent cytokine modules into the established Th immune axis system. This article reviews the pathogenesis of \u201cJAK-STAT pathway-associated skin diseases\u201d and the available efficacy evidence of JAKi therapy, aiming to improve the mechanistic understanding and rational clinical application of JAKi and provide valuable references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1851255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:41:46Z","timestamp":1781757706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["JAK-STAT pathway-associated skin diseases: a refined functional framework for inflammatory skin diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bingrun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunhao","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Tianjin, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Stevanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Allergology and Immunology","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Zuberbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Allergology and Immunology","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuotao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Litao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202004433","article-title":"Cytokines: from clinical significance to quantification","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00557-6","article-title":"Emerging principles of cytokine pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"22","author":"Saxton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00677-4","article-title":"Cytokine storm","volume":"12","author":"Karki","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1342176","article-title":"Interplay of cytokines in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis: insights from murin models and human","volume":"11","author":"Yamamura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.09.012","article-title":"Curing psoriasis","volume":"144","author":"Lwin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16183","article-title":"Integrating multi-omics approaches in deciphering atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and future therapeutic directions","volume":"79","author":"Nakajima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09129-z","article-title":"Novel therapeutic strategies for atopic dermatitis: biomarker modulation and clinical implications. A systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Moreiras-Arias","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-017-0231-8","article-title":"Immunogenicity of biologics in chronic inflammatory diseases: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Strand","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-023-01744-w","article-title":"New small molecules in dermatology: for the autoimmunity, inflammation and beyond","volume":"72","author":"Criado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-223850","article-title":"Selectivity, efficacy and safety of jakinibs: new evidence for a still evolving story","volume":"83","author":"Bonelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298665290166240426072642","article-title":"The features of shared genes among transcriptomes probed in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory acne: S100a9 selection as the target gene","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Protein Pept Lett"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0045","article-title":"Inflammatory skin diseases: the importance of immunological signatures","volume":"122","author":"Garzorz-Stark","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.08.008","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: two different immune diseases or one spectrum","volume":"48","author":"Guttman-Yassky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8555","article-title":"Isgf3, the transcriptional activator induced by interferon alpha, consists of multiple interacting polypeptide chains","volume":"87","author":"Fu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00877-7","article-title":"Protein kinases: drug targets for immunological disorders","volume":"23","author":"Castelo-Soccio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00726-8","article-title":"Janus kinase-targeting therapies in rheumatology: a mechanisms-based approach","volume":"18","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01153-1","article-title":"Jak inhibitor selectivity: new opportunities, better drugs","volume":"20","author":"Virtanen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.09.020","article-title":"Jak-stat signaling pathway, immunodeficiency, inflammation, immune dysregulation, and inborn errors of immunity","volume":"155","author":"Samra","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115848","article-title":"Synthesis and clinical application of small-molecule inhibitors of janus kinase","volume":"261","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-12-253","article-title":"The janus kinases (jaks)","volume":"5","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116783","article-title":"Stats, promising targets for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"277","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.023","article-title":"The jak-stat pathway at 30: much learned, much more to do","volume":"185","author":"Philips","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1","article-title":"The jak\/stat signaling pathway: from bench to clinic","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.02.010","article-title":"Toward a general model of cd4(+) t cell subset specification and memory cell formation","volume":"56","author":"Osum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2022.08.001","article-title":"T cell receptor signaling in the differentiation and plasticity of cd4(+) t cells","volume":"69","author":"Meitei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.652191","article-title":"Resident memory t cells in autoimmune skin diseases","volume":"12","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01471-y","article-title":"T cells in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8702-3","article-title":"The immunologic role of il-17 in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis","volume":"55","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)02519-4","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"405","author":"Guttman-Yassky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08880-3","article-title":"Update on the pathogenesis and therapy of atopic dermatitis","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084130","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Sroka-Tomaszewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00684-1","article-title":"Baricitinib: a review in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"23","author":"Hoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.02.028","article-title":"Baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from a randomized monotherapy phase 3 trial in the United States and Canada (Breeze-Ad5)","volume":"85","author":"Simpson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18898","article-title":"Baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and inadequate response to topical corticosteroids: results from two randomized monotherapy phase iii trials","volume":"183","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.3260","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of baricitinib combined with topical corticosteroids for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"156","author":"Reich","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2024.1486271","article-title":"Baricitinib as monotherapy and with topical corticosteroids in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of dose-response","volume":"5","author":"Almoghayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Allergy"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00577-x","article-title":"Baricitinib rapidly improves skin pain resulting in improved quality of life for patients with atopic dermatitis: analyses from Breeze-Ad1, 2, and 7","volume":"11","author":"Thyssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2023.2216322","article-title":"Baricitinib provides rapid and sustained improvements in absolute easi and scorad outcomes in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"34","author":"Thyssen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2024.2411834","article-title":"Longer-term safety and efficacy of baricitinib for atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients 2 to <18 years old: a randomized clinical trial of extended treatment to 3.6 years","volume":"35","author":"Wollenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.1273","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of baricitinib in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis who were treatment responders or partial responders: an extension study of 2 randomized clinical trials","volume":"157","author":"Silverberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2025.2585244","article-title":"Maintained improvement of outcomes related to skin clearance, itch, sleep and quality of life with baricitinib in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis who were treated for up to 200 weeks in a randomized trial","volume":"36","author":"Wollenberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"B42","article-title":"Upadacitinib","volume-title":"In: StatPearls","author":"Padda","year":"2024"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13688","article-title":"Upadacitinib: mechanism of action, clinical, and translational science","volume":"17","author":"Mohamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00588-2","article-title":"Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Measure up 1 and Measure up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials","volume":"397","author":"Guttman-Yassky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19232","article-title":"Upadacitinib for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: stratified analysis from three randomized phase 3 trials by key baseline characteristics","volume":"37","author":"Thyssen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.0029","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: analysis of follow-up data from the Measure up 1 and Measure up 2 randomized clinical trials","volume":"158","author":"Simpson","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-024-00853-4","article-title":"Early and sustained improvements in symptoms and quality of life with upadacitinib in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results from two phase iii randomized clinical trials (Measure up 1 and Measure up 2)","volume":"25","author":"Silverberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.3023","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib vs dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"157","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae404","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib versus dupilumab in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: week 16 results of an open-label randomized efficacy assessor-blinded head-to-head phase iiib\/iv study (Level up)","volume":"192","author":"Silverberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-025-01003-0","article-title":"Switching from dupilumab to upadacitinib in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis after inadequate response to dupilumab: Efficacy and safety results from period 2 of phase 3b\/4 study (Level up)","volume":"27","author":"Bunick","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00589-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Ad up): Results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Reich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230216123419","article-title":"Abrocitinib: First globally approved selective Janus kinase-1 inhibitor for the treatment of atopic dermatitis","volume":"30","author":"De","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00738-4","article-title":"Early itch response with abrocitinib is associated with later efficacy outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Subgroup analysis of the randomized phase iii jade compare trial","volume":"24","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30732-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Jade Mono-1): A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"396","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.1406","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"156","author":"Silverberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2023.4557","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib for the treatment of adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19280","article-title":"Abrocitinib efficacy and safety in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from phase 3 studies, including the long-term extension jade extend study","volume":"37","author":"Reich","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19254","article-title":"Abrocitinib effect on patient-reported outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from phase 3 studies, including the long-term extension jade extend study","volume":"37","author":"Reich","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.05.075","article-title":"Abrocitinib induction, randomized withdrawal, and retreatment in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from the Jak1 atopic dermatitis efficacy and safety (Jade) regimen phase 3 trial","volume":"86","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2019380","article-title":"Abrocitinib versus placebo or dupilumab for atopic dermatitis","volume":"384","author":"Bieber","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)01199-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib versus dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A randomised, double-blind, multicentre phase 3 trial","volume":"400","author":"Reich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.04.009","article-title":"Phase 3 efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis after switching from dupilumab (Jade Extend)","volume":"87","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01516-w","article-title":"Do allergic comorbidities alter the efficacy and safety of abrocitinib or dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"15","author":"Simpson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02202-z","article-title":"Ivarmacitinib sulfate: First approval","volume":"85","author":"Keam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-02086-1","article-title":"Ivarmacitinib provides rapid and continuous improvement in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A focus on different anatomical regions","volume":"34","author":"Xiong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.0982","article-title":"Ivarmacitinib for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents: A phase 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"161","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.201","article-title":"Jak inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for immune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"16","author":"Schwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.06.012","article-title":"Jaad game changers: Treatment of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis with the oral Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib citrate","volume":"91","author":"Grant-Kels","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17932","article-title":"The oral Janus kinase\/spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor ASN002 demonstrates efficacy and improves associated systemic inflammation in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"181","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01291-2","article-title":"Delgocitinib: first approval","volume":"80","author":"Dhillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2021.57.12.3352760","article-title":"Delgocitinib in atopic dermatitis","volume":"57","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.12.015","article-title":"Delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study and an open-label, long-term extension study","volume":"82","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17817","article-title":"Treatment satisfaction, efficacy, and safety of delgocitinib ointment for atopic dermatitis-induced rash on the face and neck: Efficacy at reducing local side effects of topical steroid and tacrolimus ointment","volume":"52","author":"Abe","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14871","article-title":"Topical tofacitinib for atopic dermatitis: A phase iia randomized trial","volume":"175","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_197_24","article-title":"Topical tofacitinib for atopic dermatitis - outcomes from randomized phase 3 clinical trial: First approval","volume":"71","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118761429254358231120135400","article-title":"Ginsenoside compound K reduces psoriasis-related inflammation by activation of the glucocorticoid receptor in keratinocytes","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081860","article-title":"Advances in the management of psoriatic arthritis in adults","volume":"387","author":"Kharouf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102916","article-title":"Pathogenesis, multi-omics research, and clinical treatment of psoriasis","volume":"133","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.02.764","article-title":"New frontiers in psoriatic disease research, part i: Genetics, environmental triggers, immunology, pathophysiology, and precision medicine","volume":"141","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113388","article-title":"Current therapeutic overview and future perspectives regarding the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"143","author":"Ferrara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01758-2","article-title":"Systematic review of comparative studies on emerging psoriasis treatments: Comparing biologics with biologics, small molecule inhibitors with small molecule inhibitors, and biologics with small molecule inhibitors","volume":"33","author":"Azimi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01796-y","article-title":"Deucravacitinib: first approval","volume":"82","author":"Hoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.07.002","article-title":"Deucravacitinib versus placebo and apremilast in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Efficacy and safety results from the 52-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 poetyk pso-1 trial","volume":"88","author":"Armstrong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2023-0062","article-title":"Treatment of plaque psoriasis with deucravacitinib (Poetyk Pso-2 study): A plain language summary","volume":"15","author":"Strober","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2025.09.022","article-title":"Deucravacitinib, an oral, selective, allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe scalp psoriasis: Efficacy and safety results through week 16 in a phase 3b\/4, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (Psoriatyk Scalp)","volume":"25","author":"Duffin","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAAD Int"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.059","article-title":"Oral tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor PF-06826647 demonstrates efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in participants with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in a phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"87","author":"Tehlirian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.03.962","article-title":"Tyk2\/Jak1 inhibitor PF-06700841 in patients with plaque psoriasis: Phase iia, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"Forman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.07.013","article-title":"Highly selective, allosteric inhibition of Tyk2 with oral ESK-001 in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: Results from STRIDE, a 12-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2 study","volume":"94","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.10.005","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of envudeucitinib, a highly selective, oral allosteric Tyk2 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: Results from the 52-week open-label extension period of the phase 2 STRIDE study","volume":"94","author":"Papp","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.2701","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase 2 inhibition with zasocitinib (TAK-279) in psoriasis: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"160","author":"Armstrong","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.11.017","article-title":"Molecular, histological, and clinical effects of selective Tyk2 inhibition with zasocitinib (TAK-279) in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis","volume":"146","author":"Choudhury","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.05.023","article-title":"Highly selective tyrosine kinase 2 inhibition with zasocitinib (TAK-279) improves outcomes in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: A randomised phase 2b study","volume":"84","author":"Kivitz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.036","article-title":"Novel Tyk2 inhibitor D-2570 in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14018","article-title":"Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: Results from two randomized, placebo-controlled, phase iii trials","volume":"173","author":"Papp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)62113-9","article-title":"Tofacitinib versus etanercept or placebo in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: A phase 3 randomised non-inferiority trial","volume":"386","author":"Bachelez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.053","article-title":"Efficacy of tofacitinib for the treatment of nail psoriasis: Two 52-week, randomized, controlled phase 3 studies in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis","volume":"77","author":"Merola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14403","article-title":"A randomized phase 2b trial of baricitinib, an oral Janus kinase (Jak) 1\/Jak2 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis","volume":"174","author":"Papp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101287","article-title":"Lipid-based formulation of baricitinib for the topical treatment of psoriasis","volume":"16","author":"Mohammadi-Meyabadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13745","article-title":"A phase 2a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose-escalation study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of asp015k, a novel Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis","volume":"173","author":"Papp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16004","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the Janus kinase 1 inhibitor pf-04965842 in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: Phase ii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"179","author":"Schmieder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14399","article-title":"Investigation of selective jak1 inhibitor gsk2586184 for the treatment of psoriasis in a randomized placebo-controlled phase iia study","volume":"174","author":"Ludbrook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1115819","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study of the safety and efficacy of incb039110, an oral Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, in patients with stable, chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"27","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00664-9","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"11","author":"Ungar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.4661","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"160","author":"Gaurav","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2026.01.055","article-title":"Switching between Janus kinase inhibitors for treatment of alopecia areata: A multicenter retrospective review","volume":"94","author":"Martin","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01873-w","article-title":"Baricitinib for the treatment of alopecia areata","volume":"83","author":"Freitas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00764-w","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in patients with severe alopecia areata over 52 weeks of continuous therapy in two phase iii trials (brave-aa1 and brave-aa2)","volume":"24","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19665","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of baricitinib in patients with severe alopecia areata: 104-week results from brave-aa1 and brave-aa2","volume":"38","author":"Senna","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.11.064","article-title":"Maintenance of long-term efficacy with continuous baricitinib treatment in patients with severe alopecia areata: 3-year results from brave-aa1 and brave-aa2","volume":"94","author":"Senna","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.2734","article-title":"Baricitinib withdrawal and retreatment in patients with severe alopecia areata: The brave-aa1 randomized clinical trial","volume":"160","author":"King","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.70067","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of baricitinib in severe alopecia areata: 48-week results","volume":"40","author":"Piraccini","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20747","article-title":"Real-world efficacy and safety of baricitinib combined with corticosteroids in alopecia areata","volume":"39","author":"Naharro-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.10.157","article-title":"Combination of oral minoxidil and baricitinib for alopecia areata: A retrospective study of 77 patients","volume":"94","author":"Jimenez-Cauhe","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01928-y","article-title":"Ritlecitinib: first approval","volume":"83","author":"Blair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.050","article-title":"A phase 2a randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase inhibitors ritlecitinib and brepocitinib in alopecia areata: 24-week results","volume":"85","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)00222-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata: A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 2b-3 trial","volume":"401","author":"King","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.09.064","article-title":"Sustained hair regrowth with continued ritlecitinib treatment through week 48 in patients with alopecia areata with or without early target responses: Post hoc analysis of the allegro phase 2b\/3 trial","volume":"92","author":"Piliang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae365","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase 3\/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family kinase inhibitor ritlecitinib over 24\u2005months: Integrated analysis of the allegro phase iib\/iii and long-term phase iii clinical studies in alopecia areata","volume":"192","author":"Piliang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20526","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata and at least 25% scalp hair loss: Results from the allegro-lt phase 3, open-label study","volume":"39","author":"Tziotzios","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.008","article-title":"Ritlecitinib for severe alopecia areata in children under 12 years: A retrospective review of 18 cases","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20664","article-title":"Real-world efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in alopecia areata: A single-centre experience","volume":"39","author":"Sheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.041","article-title":"Ritlecitinib in alopecia areata: A multicenter retrospective real-world analysis","volume":"93","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89776","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the jak inhibitor tofacitinib citrate in patients with alopecia areata","volume":"1","author":"Kennedy Crispin","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.01.032","article-title":"An open-label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of tofacitinib in moderate to severe patch-type alopecia areata, totalis, and universalis","volume":"138","author":"Jabbari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.12.020","article-title":"Sustaining treatment response in alopecia areata through tofacitinib dose tapering: A single-center retrospective study","volume":"94","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000494613","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of severe alopecia areata: An open-label comparative study","volume":"235","author":"Almutairi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2024.11.004","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe diffuse alopecia areata with abrocitinib","volume":"100","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.02.027","article-title":"A case of atopic dermatitis with alopecia universalis in a patient treated with abrocitinib","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jaa.S458684","article-title":"Abrocitinib improved dupilumab-resistant severe atopic dermatitis with comorbid mild alopecia areata in a 12-year-old boy: A case report with 1-year follow-up","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.09.025","article-title":"Oral abrocitinib for treatment of refractory alopecia areata: A retrospective study","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.02.083","article-title":"Clinical response and safety of upadacitinib for alopecia areata: A retrospective study","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.12.056","article-title":"Treatment of alopecia areata with the Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"89","author":"Flora","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.04.070","article-title":"Upadacitinib for refractory alopecia areata unresponsive to prior systemic therapies: A retrospective study","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.08.109","article-title":"Efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with severe alopecia areata, including baricitinib-refractory cases: A case series of 22 patients","volume":"94","author":"Chambres","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.001","article-title":"Beneficial effects of upadacitinib on alopecia areata associated with atopic dermatitis: A multicenter retrospective study","volume":"89","author":"Chiricozzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.12.040","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"90","author":"Manoj","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00670-x","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"11","author":"Seneschal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104499","article-title":"Fda approves ruxolitinib (opzelura) for vitiligo therapy: A breakthrough in the field of dermatology","volume":"81","author":"Sheikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30609-7","article-title":"Ruxolitinib cream for treatment of vitiligo: A randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"396","author":"Rosmarin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118828","article-title":"Two phase 3, randomized, controlled trials of ruxolitinib cream for vitiligo","volume":"387","author":"Rosmarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf519","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind treatment withdrawal or continuation with ruxolitinib cream in vitiligo: Findings from the true-v long-term extension phase 3 study","volume":"194","author":"Harris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03267-8","article-title":"A meta-analysis of therapeutic trials of topical ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of vitiligo: Therapeutic efficacy, safety, and implications for therapeutic practice","volume":"316","author":"Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2025.04.014","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral upadacitinib-topical ruxolitinib combination therapy in the treatment of progressive nonsegmental vitiligo","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAAD Int"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.04.041","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of ruxolitinib cream in Chinese patients with nonsegmental vitiligo","volume":"93","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.021","article-title":"Improvements in immune\/melanocyte biomarkers with jak3\/tec family kinase inhibitor ritlecitinib in vitiligo","volume":"153","author":"Guttman-Yassky","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.11.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral ritlecitinib for the treatment of active nonsegmental vitiligo: A randomized phase 2b clinical trial","volume":"88","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03182-y","article-title":"Ritlecitinib, a jak3\/tec family kinase inhibitor, stabilizes active lesions and repigments stable lesions in vitiligo","volume":"316","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.11.064","article-title":"Response to ritlecitinib with or without narrow-band ultraviolet B add-on therapy in patients with active nonsegmental vitiligo: Results from a phase 2b extension study","volume":"92","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.03.040","article-title":"Oral ritlecitinib for the treatment of refractory vitiligo: A retrospective study","volume":"93","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.10.104","article-title":"Real-world efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib combined with phototherapy in refractory vitiligo: A single-center experience","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18606","article-title":"Open-label pilot study of tofacitinib 2% for the treatment of refractory vitiligo","volume":"182","author":"Mobasher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04151-9","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of oral tofacitinib in active vitiligo treatment","volume":"317","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.006","article-title":"Oral tofacitinib in comparison with dexamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy for the treatment of active nonsegmental vitiligo: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"Dev","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf306","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of topical tofacitinib versus topical tacrolimus in the treatment of localized vitiligo: A randomized investigator-blinded intraindividual trial","volume":"193","author":"Mehta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13572","article-title":"Two cases of vitiligo vulgaris treated with topical Janus kinase inhibitor delgocitinib","volume":"62","author":"Yagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02522-3","article-title":"Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on Janus kinase inhibitors in the management of vitiligo","volume":"13","author":"Prani\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.09.051","article-title":"Special editorial: When prescribing Janus kinase inhibitors for dermatologic conditions, be mindful of the Food and Drug Administration's September 1, 2021, data safety communication","volume":"86","author":"Murphrey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llaf427","article-title":"Investigation of infection risk associated with Janus kinase inhibitors: A pharmacovigilance analysis using the Food and Drug Administration's adverse event reporting system database","volume":"51","author":"Alt\u0131n\u00f6z G\u00fcney","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-00892-5","article-title":"A review on the safety of using Jak inhibitors in dermatology: Clinical and laboratory monitoring","volume":"13","author":"Samuel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1851255\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:41:56Z","timestamp":1781757716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1851255\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":160,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1851255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1851255","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"article-number":"1851255"}}