{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:05:25Z","timestamp":1784567125442,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dermal group 2 innate lymphoid cells (dILC2s) contribute to skin homeostasis and inflammatory responses, yet they are frequently studied in Rag1-deficient mice in which the dILC2 compartment may itself be altered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared dILC2s from wild-type (WT) and Rag1-deficient mice by transcriptomic profiling, flow cytometric phenotyping, and functional analysis in a DNFB-induced contact hypersensitivity model with short-term adoptive lymphocyte transfer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rag1 deficiency was associated with a marked expansion of dILC2s and broad transcriptional remodeling, including increased expression of Il7r, Thy1, Il5, and Il13, together with enrichment of cytokine signaling, apoptosis, and activation pathways.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Rag1-deficient mice showed attenuated ear swelling after DNFB challenge and, in contrast to WT mice, failed to expand their absolute dILC2 abundance during inflammation. Short-term adoptive transfer of sensitized WT lymphocytes modestly modified dILC2 dynamics but did not restore the WT inflammatory phenotype. At the cellular level, Rag1-deficient dILC2s displayed a predominantly CD44hi phenotype, increased basal apoptosis, elevated caspase-3\/7 activity, and increased BrdU incorporation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these findings show that Rag1 deficiency durably alters dILC2 state and responsiveness and should be taken into account when interpreting cutaneous inflammation models in immunodeficient mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1859649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:25:35Z","timestamp":1784564735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RAG1 deficiency durably alters dermal group 2 innate lymphoid cells and modifies contact hypersensitivity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn","place":["Bonn, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NGS- Integrative Genomics Core Unit, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]},{"name":"Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Dasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, 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