{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:08:03Z","timestamp":1784092083904,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Autoimmune regulator (\n                    <jats:italic>AIRE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) enables medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) to express a broad but selective repertoire of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs), thereby supporting central T-cell tolerance. Recent studies showing that\n                    <jats:italic>AIRE<\/jats:italic>\n                    forms transcriptionally active condensates provide a framework for understanding how chromatin recognition, enhancer-associated cofactor recruitment, three-dimensional genome organization and transcriptional elongation are coordinated during TRA induction. In this view, sparse TRA expression reflects the low probability that a given locus reaches a permissive chromatin and cofactor state, whereas high output may result from local enrichment of\n                    <jats:italic>BRD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , P-TEFb, Mediator-associated co-activators and elongation machinery after activation. Recent findings on thymic mimetic cells, human thymic spatial organization and peripheral ROR\u03b3t-associated antigen-presenting cells are discussed as related contexts, with particular attention to the current lack of direct evidence for mTEC-like\n                    <jats:italic>AIRE<\/jats:italic>\n                    condensate mechanisms outside mTECs. Together, these studies place\n                    <jats:italic>AIRE<\/jats:italic>\n                    condensates within a broader regulatory landscape of chromatin gating, transcriptional kinetics and mTEC state diversity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1859704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:44:24Z","timestamp":1784090664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AIRE transcriptional condensates in central tolerance: a multiscale mechanistic perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiejie","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University","place":["Xining, Qinghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University","place":["Xining, Qinghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University","place":["Xining, Qinghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University","place":["Xining, Qinghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075958","article-title":"Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein","volume":"298","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-399","article-title":"An autoimmune disease, APECED, caused by mutations in a novel gene featuring two PHD-type zinc-finger domains","volume":"17","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.8.0143","article-title":"Common mutations in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy patients of different origins","volume":"12","author":"Scott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol 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