{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:47:13Z","timestamp":1782798433206,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb)<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, despite the availability of the Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine and antibiotic therapies. New tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are urgently needed to effectively protect adults against pulmonary\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections, whether used alone, as a BCG booster, or as a therapeutic strategy. We developed TBpV1, a multivalent TB vaccine, using recombinant Pichinde virus (rPICV) vector rP18tri. TBpV1 comprises three rP18tri-vectored components that collectively deliver 13 known and novel antigens targeting both the latent and active stages of the\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection cycle. In mice, the pooled TBpV1 vaccine elicited robust antigen-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses, including polyfunctional Th1 and IL-17-producing cells, at levels equivalent to individual rP18tri-vectored vaccines. As a standalone vaccine, TBpV1 significantly reduced bacterial burden following an\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    Erdman aerosol challenge, achieving protection comparable to BCG. TBpV1 also enhanced protection when administered as a BCG booster, reducing lung inflammation and bacterial loads. Lastly, TBpV1 reduced splenic bacterial burden in a post-exposure setting. These results demonstrate that pooling multi-stage antigens via the rP18tri vector maintains immunogenicity while improving protective efficacy. TBpV1 is a promising candidate for both TB prevention and therapeutic intervention, supporting further evaluation in preclinical models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1861052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:41:38Z","timestamp":1782798098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prophylactic and post-exposure efficacy of a Pichinde virus vector-based tuberculosis vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michaela","family":"Cain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota","place":["St. Paul, MN, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisha M.","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota","place":["Minneapolis, MN, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota","place":["St. Paul, MN, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University","place":["Fort Collins, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota","place":["St. Paul, MN, United 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