{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:57:20Z","timestamp":1790686640817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit overlapping immunopathological features characterized by dysregulated adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant T\u2013B cell crosstalk represents a potential immunological link between chronic oral inflammation and systemic autoimmunity. Persistent periodontal inflammation promotes the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to dendritic cell activation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and sustained immune stimulation. These signals may facilitate abnormal germinal center responses through enhanced Tfh\u2013B cell interactions and increased BAFF and IL-21 signaling, thereby amplifying B-cell activation, plasma-cell differentiation, and antibody production. Conversely, SLE-associated systemic immune dysregulation may aggravate periodontal inflammation, suggesting a potentially bidirectional interaction between oral and systemic immunity. However, most available evidence has been obtained from separate studies of periodontitis and SLE and does not establish a shared causal pathway between the two diseases. In this review, we summarize current evidence supporting the role of T\u2013B cell dysregulation as a potential immunological link between periodontitis and SLE. We further discuss candidate mechanisms involving dendritic cells, NETs, BAFF, IL-21, and germinal center reactions, as well as their therapeutic implications. Elucidating the oral\u2013systemic immune axis may provide novel insights into integrated immunomodulatory strategies for autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1863200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:13:05Z","timestamp":1790683985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunological cross-talk between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of T\u2013B cell dysregulation in the shared pathogenic network"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Weiwen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education","place":["Hefei, 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