{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:51:40Z","timestamp":1791525100388,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have transformed management, achieving complete remission remains a challenge due to complex immune networks in Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This study aimed to characterize the functional modulation of circulating T-helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in PsA patients following conventional synthetic (csDMARD) and biologic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from bDMARD-na\u00efve PsA patients at baseline and six months after initiating csDMARD (primarily methotrexate, n=8) or bDMARD (primarily certolizumab, n=11) therapy. Using an optimized flow cytometry-based assay, we evaluated the secretion capacities of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-10, alongside activation markers (CD40L, ICOS, CD38) in CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Th and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tc cells. Results were associated with clinical disease activity indices (DAPSA, BASDAI, PsAID-12, LEI).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both therapies significantly improved clinical scores yet failed to achieve immunological quiescence. A central finding was a significant increase in the percentage of TNF-secreting Th and Tc cells post-therapy, which may reflect a compensatory change in T-cell cytokine secretion following treatment. In the bDMARD cohort, Tc cells exhibited a significant expansion of subsets secreting IFN-\u03b3, IL-17, and IL-10, suggesting a possible shift toward Type 1\/Type 17-related cytokine responses. Baseline IL-17 and IL-10 levels correlated positively with high disease activity (BASDAI\/PsAID-12), while post-treatment IL-17 and IL-22 secretory potential was specifically associated with persistent enthesitis (LEI scores).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite clinical efficacy, DMARD therapy was associated with persistent alterations in T-cell cytokine profiles, including IFN-\u03b3- and IL-17-producing T-cell populations, particularly within the CD8+ compartment. These findings suggest that peripheral immune profiling may provide additional insights into the immunological effects of therapy and could contribute to future personalized approaches for monitoring immune responses in patients with PsA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1863954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:30:01Z","timestamp":1791523801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-22 secretion capacities and activation profile of T cells in psoriatic arthritis patients under disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sibel","family":"Goksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizem","family":"Ayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"Kalyoncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunes","family":"Esendagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.032482","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis: Epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome","volume":"64","author":"Gladman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39573","article-title":"Group for research and assessment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis 2015 treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Coates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217163","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis: A systematic literature research for the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis","volume":"79","author":"Kerschbaumer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","article-title":"Immunology of psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Lowes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/RHEUMATOLOGY\/KEZ383","article-title":"Treatment guidelines in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Ogdie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01403","article-title":"CD4 T-Cell dysregulation in psoriatic arthritis reveals a regulatory role for IL-22","volume":"8","author":"Ezeonyeji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1613","article-title":"A critical function for transforming growth factor-\u03b2, interleukin 23 and proinflammatory cytokines in driving and modulating human TH-17 responses","volume":"9","author":"Volpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.637829","article-title":"Role of the IL-23\/IL-17 pathway in rheumatic diseases: An overview","volume":"12","author":"Schinocca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R136","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4317","article-title":"Th17 and Th22 cells in psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis","volume":"15","author":"Benham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.015","article-title":"Are psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis the same disease? 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