{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1783059516660,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune dysregulation is strongly involved in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), driving sustained inflammation and myocardial damage. A better understanding of the immune cell response to AMI is needed, beyond neutrophil and monocyte counts. Cell Population Data (CPD) analysis, including granularity (SSC), size (FSC), activation (SFL), and heterogeneity indices, offers deeper insights into the dynamics of leukocyte populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our goal was to investigate CPD as prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular (CV) mortality after AMI and to assess their links to inflammatory and lipid markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples from 572 patients with AMI were collected at the admission in the cardiology intensive care unit. In addition to routine blood tests, CPD was acquired on an automated haematology analyser. Plasma inflammatory markers, as well as detailed fatty acid profiles, were also measured. A one-year follow-up was then conducted to assess CV mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophil, monocyte, and immature granulocyte (IG) counts and neutrophil heterogeneity of fluorescence (NE-WY) were associated with CV deaths, myocardial infarction (MI), and inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP and IL-6. On the opposite, lymphocyte count was inversely associated with CV death and inflammatory markers. Monocyte count and CPD were correlated with saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic acid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that CPD, particularly parameters related to neutrophils and monocytes, are robustly linked to inflammation and the occurrence of CV mortality. Importantly, these CPD\u2014readily accessible through standard clinical haematology analysers\u2014hold significant potential as predictive biomarkers for clinicians to assess cardiovascular risk in routine practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1864687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:35:25Z","timestamp":1783056925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leukocyte activation and inflammation in acute myocardial infarction: novel insights from cell population data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Damien","family":"Leleu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, INSERM, CTM UMR1231, LIPNESS","place":["Dijon, France"]},{"name":"LipSTIC LabEx","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LipSTIC LabEx","place":["Dijon, France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, INSERM, CTM UMR1231, LIPNESS","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratory of Clinical Haematology","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Farnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaire (PEC2)","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Chagu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Cardiology Department","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurine","family":"Collas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, INSERM, CTM UMR1231, LIPNESS","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, INSERM, CTM UMR1231, LIPNESS","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Gougeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, INSERM, CTM UMR1231, LIPNESS","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul Pais","family":"de Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, INSERM, CTM UMR1231, LIPNESS","place":["Dijon, France"]},{"name":"LipSTIC LabEx","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bichat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Cardiology Department","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Cardiology Department","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Cottin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Cardiology Department","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, INSERM, CTM UMR1231, LIPNESS","place":["Dijon, France"]},{"name":"LipSTIC LabEx","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Physiopathologie et Epid\u00e9miologie C\u00e9r\u00e9bro-Cardiovasculaire (PEC2)","place":["Dijon, France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Cardiology Department","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz050","article-title":"Immune cells as targets for cardioprotection: new players and novel therapeutic opportunities","volume":"115","author":"Andreadou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz336","article-title":"Cardiac monocytes and macrophages after myocardial infarction","volume":"116","author":"Peet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1526170","article-title":"The roles of neutrophils in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"12","author":"Lian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179929","article-title":"Relation between high levels of myeloperoxidase in the culprit artery and microvascular obstruction, infarct size and reverse remodeling in ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Stamboul","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1442165","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in coronary heart disease and hypertensive patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76836-6","article-title":"The neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in cardiovascular patients","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.150.suppl_1.4144238","article-title":"Abstract 4144238: Associations of neutrophil counts with risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts","volume":"150","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000177","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammation: novel interactions reveal a new step in neutrophil recruitment","volume":"7","author":"Tull","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802607779941314","article-title":"Eicosanoids in inflammation: biosynthesis, pharmacology, and therapeutic frontiers","volume":"7","author":"Khanapure","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1101937","article-title":"Leukocyte cell population data in patients with cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass: a potential readily available tool to monitor immunity","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.07.009","article-title":"Short- and medium-term biological variation estimates of leukocytes extended to differential count and morphology-structural parameters (cell population data) in blood samples obtained from healthy people","volume":"473","author":"Buoro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21470\/1678-9741-2021-0088","article-title":"Usefulness of immature granulocytes as a prognostic factor in ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"37","author":"Korkut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18621\/eurj.1245511","article-title":"Immature granulocyte in prediction of the short-term and long-term mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"9","author":"G\u00fclten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Res J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae007","article-title":"Negative relationship between eicosapentaenoic acid and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"120","author":"Masson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf673","article-title":"Higher EPA levels and EPA\/DHA ratios are associated with lower cardiovascular mortality post-myocardial infarction","author":"Leleu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New creatinine- and cystatin C\u2013based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.095604","article-title":"Relationship of MRI-determined infarct size and cTnI measurements in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"54","author":"Vasile","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.041","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study for quantification of infarct size comparing directly serial versus single time-point measurements of cardiac troponin T","volume":"51","author":"Giannitsis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1609705","article-title":"Key inflammatory players for infarcted mass and cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Fonseca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001851","article-title":"Neutrophil fluorescence: a new indicator of cell activation during septic shock-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"44","author":"Stiel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad649","article-title":"Neutrophil counts and cardiovascular disease","volume":"44","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH11-02-0096","article-title":"Neutrophils and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes and\/or cardiac revascularisation. A systematic review on more than 34,000 subjects","volume":"106","author":"Guasti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.970525","article-title":"Predictive value of low relative lymphocyte count in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"5","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.1340","article-title":"Lymphopenia and risk for long-term mortality among patients undergoing coronary angiography","volume":"41","author":"Zafrir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1733","article-title":"Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12261","article-title":"Sepsis affects most routine and cell population data (CPD) obtained using the Sysmex XN-2000 blood cell analyzer: neutrophil-related CPD NE-SFL and NE-WY provide useful information for detecting sepsis","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107471","article-title":"Predictive role of non-viral leukocyte parameters in tracking the development and progression of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"203","author":"K\u0131ymaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01979-1","article-title":"Inflammation and oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetes patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"22","author":"M\u00e9n\u00e9gaut","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.026","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 and risk of premature death in patients with myocardial infarction","volume":"76","author":"Silvain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016160","article-title":"Targeting interleukin-1\u03b2 reduces leukocyte production after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"132","author":"Sager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00608-1","article-title":"Interleukin-6 mediates neutrophil mobilization from bone marrow in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Florentin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.745061","article-title":"Interleukin-6: a novel target for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6020033","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase as an active disease biomarker: recent biochemical and pathological perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13070788","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase as a promising therapeutic target after myocardial infarction","volume":"13","author":"Quinn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01273-5","article-title":"The effect of palmitic acid on inflammatory response in macrophages: an overview of molecular mechanisms","volume":"68","author":"Korbecki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation Res Off J Eur Histamine Res Soc Al"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54535-x","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids effects on inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profiles among diabetic and cardiovascular disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Natto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1864687\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1783056926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1864687\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1864687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1864687","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"article-number":"1864687"}}