{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:45:58Z","timestamp":1782708358779,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007378","name":"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and traditionally linked to bacteria; however, yeasts\u2014 particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Trichosporon asahii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014 have emerged as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. The presence of fungi may represent either colonization or infection, and the understanding of immune bases can help in this differentiation. 19\n                    <jats:italic>T. asahii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from urine cultures of hospitalized patients were analyzed and subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing. Urine samples underwent routine analysis (appearance, protein, specific gravity, pH) and flow cytometry. Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results: Of the 19 patients, 11 were catheterized and 8 non-catheterized, with a predominance of males aged \u226560 years. Most were admitted to the ICU (n=13), especially in the catheterized group. A high mortality rate was observed, particularly among catheterized patients (81.1%). Urinalysis demonstrated frequent abnormalities, such as proteinuria, hematuria, and leukocyturia, suggesting an active local immune response. In association with positive cultures for\n                    <jats:italic>T. asahii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , these findings reinforce the hypothesis of active urinary tract infection. The results highlight the relevance of accurate laboratory diagnosis of this pathogen and the implementation of appropriate therapeutic strategies based on antifungal susceptibility testing, clinical expertise, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles. These measures are essential to optimize clinical management, improve therapeutic outcomes, and reduce mortality associated with urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>T. asahii.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1866019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:26:10Z","timestamp":1782707170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From the Petri dish to the patient\u2019s bedside: interpreting Trichosporon asahii positive urine cultures in hospitalized patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Let\u00edcia Rebello","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF)","place":["Juiz de Fora, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmim Passos","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF)","place":["Juiz de Fora, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Netto","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF)","place":["Juiz de Fora, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Quinet","family":"de Andrade Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cortes Villela Laboratory","place":["Juiz de Fora, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Quinet","family":"de Andrade Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cortes Villela Laboratory","place":["Juiz de Fora, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Villela","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cortes Villela Laboratory","place":["Juiz de Fora, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Cordeiro","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF)","place":["Juiz de Fora, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.888205","article-title":"Disease burden and long-term trends of urinary tract infections: a worldwide report","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.36","article-title":"Preventing urinary tract infection: progress toward an effective Escherichia coli vaccine","volume":"11","author":"Brumbaugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01092-4","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: pathogenesis, host susceptibility and emerging therapeutics","volume":"23","author":"Timm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15517\/psm.v21i2.57901","article-title":"The impact of recurring urinary infections on the quality of life of women in outpatient care in Brazil. Poblaci\u00f3n y Salud en Mesoam\u00e9rica","volume":"21","author":"Louren\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poblac Salud Mesoam"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.2176-7262.v43i2p118-125","article-title":"Infec\u00e7\u00e3o do trato urin\u00e1rio","volume":"43","author":"Roriz-Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med (Ribeir\u00e3o Preto)"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"Protocolo assistencial do pronto-socorro: infec\u00e7\u00e3o no trato urin\u00e1rio (v2 web)","volume-title":"Hcor \u2013 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Beneficente. S\u00edria","author":"Andrade","year":"2020"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options","volume":"13","author":"Flores-Mireles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460913.2024.2342679","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Candida yeast infections and rational use of antifungals","volume":"19","author":"Neto Junior","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30699\/ijp.2025.2039595.3348","article-title":"Trichosporon urinary tract infections: a hidden menace revealed","volume":"20","author":"Elmimoghaddam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran J Pathol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12030167","article-title":"Trichosporonaceae como pat\u00f3genos (re)emergentes: um alerta para a comunidade m\u00e9dica","volume":"12","author":"Lima","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00003-11","article-title":"Current knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and trichosporonosis","volume":"24","author":"Colombo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.049817-0","article-title":"Trichosporon asahii causing nosocomial urinary tract infections in intensive care unit patients: genotypes, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility testing","volume":"61","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01629","article-title":"Invasive Trichosporon infection: a systematic review on a re-emerging fungal pathogen","volume":"7","author":"de Almeida J\u00fanior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17345","article-title":"A comprehensive review of Trichosporon spp.: an invasive and emerging fungus","volume":"13","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/BMJ.galenos.2021.54254","article-title":"Investigation of antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon asahii isolated from urine samples","volume":"17","author":"Turan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Bakirkoy"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00557-24","article-title":"The Brief Case: Tricky Trichosporon asahii in the urinary tract","volume":"62","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112332","article-title":"Impact of healthcare-associated infections connected to medical devices\u2014an update","volume":"9","author":"Dadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460913.2025.2457858","article-title":"Trichosporon asahii: emerging challenges in pathogenesis and drug resistance","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S273663","article-title":"Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: current challenges and future prospects","volume":"14","author":"Werneburg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107304","article-title":"Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a position paper of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2024 update","volume":"151","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.007","article-title":"The conceptual foundations of innate immunity: taking stock 30 years later","volume":"57","author":"Pradeu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0035-2016","article-title":"The fungal cell wall: structure, biosynthesis, and function","volume":"5","author":"Gow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101352","article-title":"Signaling by myeloid C-type lectin receptors in immunity and homeostasis","volume":"30","author":"Sancho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080805","article-title":"A fun-guide to innate immune responses to fungal infections","volume":"8","author":"Burgess","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020212","article-title":"Fungal colonization and infections\u2014interactions with other human diseases","volume":"11","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014075","article-title":"Host-Candida auris interactions in the skin","volume":"22","author":"Thangamani","year":"2026","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Method for Antifungal Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts, 3rd ed.; CLSI supplement M44; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Pennsylvania, USA, 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21527\/2176-7114.2025.50.15292","article-title":"Taxa de infec\u00e7\u00e3o urin\u00e1ria associada ao cateter vesical de demora em unidade de terapia intensiva","volume":"25","author":"Barros","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev Contexto Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652012000100001","article-title":"Isolation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Trichosporon asahii in Cear\u00e1, Brazil","volume":"54","author":"Menezes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02117-09","article-title":"Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: a 10.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida Species to fluconazole and voriconazole as determined by CLSI standardized disk diffusion","volume":"48","author":"Pfaller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Caderno 4 - Medidas de prevenc\u0327\u00e3o de infecc\u0327\u00e3o relacionada \u00e0 assiste\u0302ncia \u00e0 sau\u0301de (PDF)","year":"2017"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11131946","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health","volume":"11","author":"Salam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1424765","article-title":"Polymyxins: recent advances and challenges","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae344","article-title":"Advances in clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens using polymyxins","volume":"79","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001624","article-title":"Epidemiological study of Trichosporon asahii infections over the past 23 years","volume":"148","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-07793-5","article-title":"Are contemporary antifungal doses sufficient for critically ill patients? Outcomes from an international, multicenter pharmacokinetics study for screening antifungal exposure in intensive care units\u2014the SAFE-ICU study","volume":"51","author":"Roberts","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"51","article-title":"The importance of early detection in disease management","volume":"2","author":"Setyawati","year":"2024","journal-title":"J World Future Med Health Nurs"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"27","article-title":"Office-based urinalysis: a comprehensive review","volume":"106","author":"Hitzeman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.06.003","article-title":"New markers of urinary tract infection","volume":"471","author":"Masajtis-Zagajewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96721-5_22","article-title":"Turbidity in urine: a mini review","volume-title":"Bioenergy and Biochemical Processing Technologies","author":"Mbonu","year":"2022"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c199","article-title":"Effectiveness of five different approaches in management of urinary tract infection: randomised controlled trial","volume":"340","author":"Little","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19694","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55523-x","article-title":"Identification of clinical and urine biomarkers for uncomplicated urinary tract infection using machine learning algorithms","volume":"9","author":"Gadalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.556140","article-title":"Understanding how microorganisms respond to acid pH is central to their control and successful exploitation","volume":"11","author":"Lund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507x.20150045","article-title":"Urinary tract infections due to Trichosporon spp. in severely ill patients in an intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Mattede","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiva"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.104376","article-title":"The renal concentrating mechanism and the clinical consequences of its loss","volume":"53","author":"Agaba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Niger Med J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1866019\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:26:12Z","timestamp":1782707172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1866019\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1866019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1866019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"article-number":"1866019"}}