{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:00:34Z","timestamp":1785477634218,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute leukemia (AL) is a malignant hematological disorder, with two main subtypes: acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The incidence rate of AML and ALL is estimated at approximately 2.7 and 1.5 per 100,000 people, respectively, with an overall mortality rate of approximately 23.6%. This study aimed to investigate the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C genotypes and AML and ALL in a Moroccan population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted on 100 patients with AL including 43 cases of AML and 57 cases of ALL, compared to 120 healthy individuals as controls. HLA-C genotyping was performed in the two groups, using the PCR-SSO (polymerase chain reaction\u2013sequence-specific oligonucleotide)-based technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the patients was 32 \u00b1 13 (2\u201362), with a sex ratio of 1.22 (55 male and 45 female patients). In patients with ALL categories, we observed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-C*12 [\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.001; odds ratio (OR) = 7.58] allele groups. In the AML category, significant associations were observed between AML and the HLA-C*12 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0001; OR\u00a0=\u00a010.35) and HLA-C*08 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005; OR\u00a0=\u00a08.92) allele groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings show a strong association between HLA-C*12 and HLA-C*08 allele groups and AL, including both ALL and AML, which gives evidence of a predisposing effect. This highlights the influence of HLA polymorphism in the occurrence or resistance of AL in our population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1869016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:37:40Z","timestamp":1785476260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HLA-C polymorphisms with susceptibility and protection against acute leukemia in a Moroccan population"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Laaziri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Ain Chock, Hassan II University","place":["Casablanca, Morocco"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital","place":["Marrakech, 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Bakkouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology of University Hospital Ibn Rochd","place":["Casablanca, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanae","family":"Ettayebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology of University Hospital Ibn Rochd","place":["Casablanca, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounia","family":"Ammara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnologies and Environment Faculty of Sciences, Rabat Mohammed V University","place":["Rabat, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelmajid","family":"Zyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Agro-Industrial and Medical Biotechnology, Team of Experimental Oncology and Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Sciences 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