{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:17:47Z","timestamp":1787026667426,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferon (AAN-I-IFN) have been found in at least 10-15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in various studies across North and Latin America, Oceania, Europe, and Asia. We sought to analyze the prevalence of AAN-I-IFN and describe the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics in a Moroccan cohort of patients with life-threatening COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional and multicenter study of patients hospitalized in different university hospitals and clinical centers in Casablanca between November 2020 and December 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our cohort included 195 patients with proven SARS-CoV-2 infection, 164 (84.1%) of whom developed severe or critical COVID-19 disease requiring hospitalization, and 31 (15.9%) patients developed mild or moderate disease. Patients with moderate or mild COVID-19 did not exhibit detectable levels of AAN-I-IFNs. Among the 20 patients with AAN-I-IFN, most were men (n=16, 80%), and age ranged from 19 to 101 years. 13 (65%) patients with severe COVID-19 and 7 (35%) with critical COVID-19 had AAN-I-IFNs. Twelve patients (60%) had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing both high and low concentrations of IFN-\u03b12 and\/or IFN-\u03c9, five (25%) had auto-Abs neutralizing only low concentrations of IFN-\u03b12 or IFN-\u03c9, two (10%) had auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-\u03b2 (1ng\/mL) only, and one (5%) had auto-Abs neutralizing high and low concentrations of IFN-\u03b12 and IFN-\u03c9, as well as IFN-\u03b2 at 1ng\/mL, but none neutralized IFN-\u03b2 at 10\u2009ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, AAN-I-IFNs were detected in 20\/195 (10.3%) of Moroccan patients with life-threatening COVID-19 and in 20\/164 (12.2%) patients with severe or critical disease, whereas none were detected in patients with mild or moderate COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1870598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:39:09Z","timestamp":1784007549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Auto-antibodies neutralizing type I interferons in ~10% of Moroccan patients with life-threatening COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Halima","family":"Kholaiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection And Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca","place":["Casablanca, Morocco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Gervais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick 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