{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:07:44Z","timestamp":1789106864415,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a major challenge in allogeneic stem cell recipients. Current immune monitoring largely relies on IFN-\u03b3-based readouts following\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    stimulation, which cannot fully capture the complex anti-HCMV immune defense. Therefore, we established a multiparameter HCMV-reactive whole blood (WB) assay that can be initiated at the bedside, requires minimal blood volume, preserves physiological cellular interactions, and enables integrated cellular and cytokine readouts within a closed-tube workflow. Using enhanced \u03b1-CD40 co-stimulation for robust detection of T-cell activation markers without widely used exocytosis inhibitors, our assay facilitates parallel flow cytometric quantification of activation-induced HCMV-reactive CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell responses and multiplexed detection of secreted cytokines. In parallel, our WB platform allows multimer-based detection of HCMV-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and quantification of additional cell populations implicated in anti-HCMV protection, including V\u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, \u201cmemory-like\u201d natural killer (NK) cells, and HCMV-specific B cells. Across matched samples, readouts in WB and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed strong correlation. High intra-assay precision was achieved for key readouts across several immune cell compartments. Overall, our WB platform offers a simple, modular framework to advance post-transplant HCMV immune profiling while also being adaptable to other pathogens and immunological applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1872249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:30:29Z","timestamp":1789104629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A multiparameter whole blood platform for assessment of anti-CMV immunity in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Imhof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg","place":["Wuerzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wurster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Heilig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg","place":["Wuerzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"K\u00f6chel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg","place":["Wuerzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Einsele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg","place":["Wuerzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg","place":["Wuerzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris D.","family":"Lauruschkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg","place":["Wuerzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1706640","article-title":"Letermovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic-cell transplantation","volume":"377","author":"Marty","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004362","article-title":"Delayed-onset 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