{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:53:12Z","timestamp":1787691192773,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sialic acids are terminal nine-carbon sugars that form sialoglycans on the glycocalyx of all vertebrate cell surfaces. In this exposed position, they fulfill various functions in the immune system, including involvement in host-pathogen interactions and control of immune cell activation. The synthesis of sialoglycans is catalyzed by sialyltransferases. One of these is ST8Sia6, which is known to catalyze the synthesis of \u03b1-2,8-linked di-sialyl motifs and to be upregulated in plasma cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied the role of ST8Sia6 in the immune system by examining a\n                      <jats:italic>St8sia6<\/jats:italic>\n                      knockout mouse model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        St8sia6\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice showed normal B cell and plasma cell development. However, in\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        St8sia6\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      B cells, a stronger proliferation was induced by T cell-dependent stimuli. Additionally, an increased IgG1 response was observed upon T cell-dependent immunization. In the study, 60-week-old\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        St8sia6\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice showed enlarged populations of germinal center B cells, age-induced B cells, and plasma cells. Furthermore, aged\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        St8sia6\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice exhibited increased activation markers on their B cells and displayed elevated levels of anti-nuclear IgG autoantibodies, all of which are indicative of autoimmunity. We identified CD45 as a carrier protein of\n                      <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                      -acetylated \u03b12,8-linked di-sialic acids on plasma cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results demonstrate that the loss of ST8Sia6-mediated \u03b1-2,8-linked di-sialylation enhances T cell-dependent immune responses and promotes an accumulation of strongly activated B cells and an autoimmune-like phenotype upon aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1874115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:25:50Z","timestamp":1782966350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Loss of ST8Sia6 mediated \u03b1-2,8-linked di-sialylation enhances T cell-dependent antibody responses and promotes autoimmunity in aged mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ronja","family":"Br\u00fcchert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hinzpeter-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"R\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Brey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, FAU University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk F. 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