{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:59:59Z","timestamp":1785214799378,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which is a ligand-activated transcription factor, controls complex transcription programs in a ligand-specific, cell type-specific, and context-specific manner by integrating signals from the environment, diet, microorganisms, and metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that AHR participates in the regulation of multiple cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, playing a crucial role in influencing the pathogenesis of diseases. Originally identified as a sensor for environmental toxins, AHR is now recognized for its interactions with both endogenous and microbial ligands, allowing it to orchestrate complex biological processes. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the structural dynamics, ligand diversity, and activation mechanisms of AHR, while highlighting its dual roles in programmed cell death (PCD). Additionally, we discuss the significance of\u00a0AHR-regulated cell death in inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, respiratory diseases, and cancer, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for various human conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1881079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:25:49Z","timestamp":1785212749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates programmed cell death in diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University School of Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Like","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00689-6","article-title":"A guide to cell death pathways","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2024","article-title":"Programmed cell death and tissue regeneration: a link that should be resolved","volume":"105","author":"Kopeina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-025-02189-8","article-title":"Death never dies: increasing impact of programmed cell death","volume":"30","author":"Nowak-Sliwinska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Apoptosis: Int J Prog Cell Death"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0802-6","article-title":"Environmental pollutants and the immune response","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0125-8","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Rothhammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.05.011","article-title":"Commensal microbiota regulates skin barrier function and repair via signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"29","author":"Uberoi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70426","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor in health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112394","article-title":"Steroid and xenobiotic receptor signalling in apoptosis and autophagy of the nervous system","volume":"18","author":"Wnuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2023.109436","article-title":"Genistein upregulates AHR to protect against environmental toxin-induced NASH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reconstructing antioxidant defense mechanisms","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01172-x","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a rehabilitated target for therapeutic immune modulation","volume":"24","author":"Polonio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c02294","article-title":"Lactucopicrin: a sesquiterpene lactone with anti-inflammatory activity modulates the crosstalk between NF-kB and AHR pathways","volume":"68","author":"\u00c1vila-G\u00e1lvez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1078","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00493.2019","article-title":"More than a cell biosensor: aryl hydrocarbon receptor at the intersection of physiology and inflammation","volume":"318","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00585-5","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the gut-brain axis","volume":"18","author":"Barroso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1379\/1466-1268(2000)005<0243:aharla>2.0.co;2","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor levels are selectively modulated by hsp90-associated immunophilin homolog XAP2","volume":"5","author":"Meyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1379\/460.1","article-title":"Cooperation of heat shock protein 90 and p23 in aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling","volume":"9","author":"Cox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.812974","article-title":"The crystal structure of the AhRR-ARNT heterodimer reveals the structural basis of the repression of AhR-mediated transcription","volume":"292","author":"Sakurai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(87)90656-4","article-title":"Transcriptional control of human cytochrome P1-450 gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in human tissue culture cell lines","volume":"253","author":"Cresteil","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100045","article-title":"Heme-thiolate monooxygenase cytochrome P450 1B1, an old dog with many new tricks","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.023","article-title":"Repression of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor prevents oxidative stress and ferroptosis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes","volume":"56","author":"Panda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1421346","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: current perspectives on key signaling partners and immunoregulatory role in inflammatory diseases","volume":"15","author":"Bahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduction Targeted Ther"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2009.24","article-title":"Ah receptor represses acute-phase response gene expression without binding to its cognate response element","volume":"89","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab Investigation; A J Tech Methods Pathol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.06.016","article-title":"Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates the LPS\/IFN\u03b3-induced inflammatory response by inducing ubiquitin-proteosomal and lysosomal degradation of RelA\/p65","volume":"155","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Acosta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900730R","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-\u03b1 is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-\u03baB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB Journal: Off Publ Fed Am Societies For Exp Biol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.05.007","article-title":"Ube2l3 gene expression is modulated by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: implications for p53 ubiquitination","volume":"80","author":"Reyes-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.03.052","article-title":"Ligand independent aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits lung cancer cell invasion by degradation of Smad4","volume":"376","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06341-7","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation via ubiquitination of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase","volume":"14","author":"Lkhagva-Yondon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1321-8","article-title":"Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by the widely used Src family kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(dimethylethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2)","volume":"89","author":"Frauenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106989","article-title":"Unraveling the differential impact of PAHs and dioxin-like compounds on AKR1C3 reveals the EGFR extracellular domain as a critical determinant of the AHR response","volume":"158","author":"Vogeley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13323","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway","volume":"511","author":"Bessede","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24086","article-title":"Caffeic acid attenuates tissue damage and inflammatory response in Klebsiella pneumonia by modulating AhR-Src-STAT3-IL-10 signaling pathway","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062744","article-title":"AhR and STAT3: a dangerous duo in chemical carcinogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Minacori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.109845","article-title":"Ligand-independent activation of AhR by hydroquinone mediates benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity","volume":"355","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115626","article-title":"Ligands and agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR: facts and myths","volume":"213","author":"Sl\u00e1dekov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.10.002","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: linking environment to immunity","volume":"27","author":"Cella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.025","article-title":"Host\/microbiota interactions-derived tryptophan metabolites modulate oxidative stress and inflammation via aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling","volume":"184","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00476","article-title":"The Ah receptor: adaptive metabolism, ligand diversity, and the xenokine model","volume":"33","author":"Avilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.11.006","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism as a pharmacological target","volume":"42","author":"Modoux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.004","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease","volume":"35","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.000631","article-title":"Trace derivatives of kynurenine potently activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)","volume":"293","author":"Seok","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128280","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism and the intestinal microbiota: implications for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"300","author":"Hua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109690","article-title":"The role of the indoles in microbiota-gut-brain axis and potential therapeutic targets: a focus on human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"239","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116156","article-title":"Targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor to prevent cancer in barrier organs","volume":"223","author":"Congues","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-060721-025531","article-title":"Indole-3-carbinol: occurrence, health-beneficial properties, and cellular\/molecular mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Amarakoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-019-01522-2","article-title":"The neuroprotective action of 3,3'-diindolylmethane against ischemia involves an inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy that depends on HDAC and AhR\/CYP1A1 but not ER\u03b1\/CYP19A1 signaling","volume":"24","author":"Rzemieniec","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apoptosis: Int J Prog Cell Death"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(91)90090-t","article-title":"Structure elucidation of acid reaction products of indole-3-carbinol: detection in vivo and enzyme induction in vitro","volume":"80","author":"De Kruif","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01088-4","article-title":"The role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions","volume":"25","author":"Barreira-Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01069-y","article-title":"Regulated cell death pathways and their roles in homeostasis, infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020106700","article-title":"Cell death pathways: intricate connections and disease implications","volume":"40","author":"Kist","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0270-8","article-title":"Emerging connectivity of programmed cell death pathways and its physiological implications","volume":"21","author":"Bedoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2312","article-title":"Apoptosis: controlled demolition at the cellular level","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/07357907.2024.2445528","article-title":"A comprehensive insight into apoptosis: molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and modulating therapeutics","volume":"43","author":"Mosadegh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06136-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial apoptosis in response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01470-9","article-title":"Caspases as master regulators of programmed cell death: apoptosis, pyroptosis and beyond","volume":"57","author":"Dho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01082-0","article-title":"When cell death goes wrong: inflammatory outcomes of failed apoptosis and mitotic cell death","volume":"30","author":"Bock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(01)00237-9","article-title":"The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology","volume":"104","author":"Locksley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071553","article-title":"The Fas signaling pathway: more than a paradigm","volume":"296","author":"Wajant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci (New York NY)"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.10.014","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent apoptotic cell death induced by the flavonoid chrysin in human colorectal cancer cells","volume":"370","author":"Ronnekleiv-Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.127","article-title":"Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor sensitises human keratinocytes for CD95L- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis","volume":"3","author":"Stolpmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167636","article-title":"AHR-mediated DNA damage contributes to BaP-induced cardiac malformations in zebrafish","volume":"906","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130547","article-title":"2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis mediated by AhR\/Cyp1a1 in mouse germ cells","volume":"445","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.120.050301","article-title":"Endothelial cell indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 alters cardiac function after myocardial infarction through kynurenine","volume":"143","author":"Melhem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.010","article-title":"Directly targeting BAX for drug discovery: therapeutic opportunities and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0215","article-title":"Kynurenine\/aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulates mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"37","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signaling"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508383200","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis and lysosomal disruption in a hepatoma model that is caspase-8-independent","volume":"281","author":"Caruso","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01734-z","article-title":"XIAP as a multifaceted molecule in cellular signaling","volume":"27","author":"Hanifeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Apoptosis: Int J Prog Cell Death"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116640","article-title":"AHR suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by regulating XIAP","volume":"231","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00630-3","article-title":"Necroptosis, pyroptosis and apoptosis: an intricate game of cell death","volume":"18","author":"Bertheloot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16887-1","article-title":"MLKL trafficking and accumulation at the plasma membrane control the kinetics and threshold for necroptosis","volume":"11","author":"Samson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.02.003","article-title":"Necroptosis: the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and its physiological relevance","volume":"38","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116094","article-title":"Metformin alleviates benzo[a]pyrene-induced alveolar injury by inhibiting necroptosis and protecting AT2 cells","volume":"272","author":"Quan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology Environ Saf"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112638","article-title":"Indole-3-carbinol ameliorates necroptosis and inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells in mice with ulcerative colitis by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"404","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i17.105411","article-title":"Ozone controls the metabolism of tryptophan protecting against sepsis-induced intestinal damage by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018","volume":"25","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00585-z","article-title":"Autophagy and autophagy-related pathways in cancer","volume":"24","author":"Debnath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-024-00754-y","article-title":"Autophagy and autophagic cell death in sepsis: friend or foe","volume":"12","author":"Iba","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1367473","article-title":"In praise of M. Anselmier who first used the term \"autophagie\" in 1859","volume":"13","author":"Ktistakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06154-8","article-title":"Autophagy: regulator of cell death","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.964575","article-title":"Type II alveolar epithelial cell aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects against allergic airway inflammation through controlling cell autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155027","article-title":"Low dose of arsenic exacerbates toxicity to mice and IPEC-J2 cells exposed with deoxynivalenol: aryl hydrocarbon receptor and autophagy might be novel therapeutic targets","volume":"832","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5497.1717","article-title":"Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation","volume":"290","author":"Klionsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci (New York NY)"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.09.004","article-title":"S-acylation of p62 promotes p62 droplet recruitment into autophagosomes in mammalian autophagy","volume":"83","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2019.025","article-title":"Particulate matter-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates autophagy in keratinocytes","volume":"27","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules Ther"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134560","article-title":"Benzo[a]pyrene evokes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis through AhR-mediated Nrf2-p62 signaling","volume":"473","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.25.0225","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-carboxaldehyde enhances intestinal barrier function via AhR\/AMPK signaling activation","volume":"39","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Bioscience"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118015","article-title":"The AhR\/P38 MAPK pathway mediates kynurenine-induced cardiomyocyte damage: the dual role of resveratrol in apoptosis and autophagy","volume":"186","author":"Mohiti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13659","article-title":"Lipoxin A4 depresses inflammation and promotes autophagy via AhR\/mTOR\/AKT pathway to suppress endometriosis","volume":"89","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol (New York NY 1989)"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123872","article-title":"6PPDQ induces cardiomyocyte senescence via AhR\/ROS-mediated autophagic flux blockage","volume":"349","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ pollut (Barking Essex 1987)"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.05.005","article-title":"Gasdermins: effectors of pyroptosis","volume":"27","author":"Kovacs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1151185","article-title":"The mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome\/pyroptosis activation and their role in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-025-01107-6","article-title":"Pyroptosis: molecular mechanisms and roles in disease","volume":"35","author":"Broz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71086","article-title":"Pyroptosis in inflammatory diseases and cancer","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101781","article-title":"Pyroptosis-induced inflammation and tissue damage","volume":"69","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.01.005","article-title":"Hydroquinone triggers pyroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via AhR-regulated oxidative stress in human lymphocytes","volume":"376","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138145","article-title":"PM(2.5) exacerbates nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic rhinitis by inducing NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis via the AhR\/CYP1A1\/ROS axis","volume":"492","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110481","article-title":"3,4-benzo[a]pyrene aggravates myocardial infarction injury by activating NLRP3-related pyroptosis through PINK1\/Parkin-mitophagy-mPTP opening axis","volume":"122","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.95749","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor confers protection against macrophage pyroptosis and intestinal inflammation through regulating polyamine biosynthesis","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1462777","article-title":"Spermidine attenuates chondrocyte inflammation and cellular pyroptosis through the AhR\/NF-\u03baB axis and the NLRP3\/caspase-1\/GSDMD pathway","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107326","article-title":"GAS5-inhibited hepatocyte pyroptosis contributes to hepatic stellate cell inactivation via microRNA-684 and AHR","volume":"26","author":"Lang","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01769-5","article-title":"Ferroptosis in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduction Targeted Ther"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications","volume":"31","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.08.004","article-title":"Lysosomal cystine governs ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer via cysteine stress response","volume":"83","author":"Swanda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2025.116913","article-title":"IDO1-mediated AhR activation up-regulates pentose phosphate pathway via NRF2 to inhibit ferroptosis in lung cancer","volume":"236","author":"Zhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103066","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis through the SLC7A11\/GSH\/GPx4 pathway by Keap1 S-sulfhydration and Nrf2 activation","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16208","article-title":"AhR-STAT3-HO-1\/COX-2 signalling pathway may restrict ferroptosis and improve hMSC accumulation and efficacy in mouse liver","volume":"181","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70278","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell ferroptosis","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07882-9","article-title":"Ferroptosis mediated by the IDO1\/Kyn\/AhR pathway triggers acute thymic involution in sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2025.5597","article-title":"Potential role of AhR in ischemia-reperfusion injury and cancers: focus on ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation signaling pathways (review)","volume":"56","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110213","article-title":"The role of the ferroptosis pathway in the toxic mechanism of TCDD-induced liver damage in zebrafish","volume":"295","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol CBP"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2018.1493086","article-title":"The tryptophan derivative 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole, FICZ, a dynamic mediator of endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, balances cell growth and differentiation","volume":"48","author":"Rannug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114772","article-title":"Alpinetin improves intestinal barrier homeostasis via regulating AhR\/suv39h1\/TSC2\/mTORC1\/autophagy pathway","volume":"384","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16229","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide protects experimental colitis through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent autophagy mechanism","volume":"181","author":"Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118054","article-title":"IDO1 inhibitors block septic cytokine storm by suppressing the IDO1-AHR-CYP1A1 axis","volume":"187","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118758","article-title":"Butylphthalide mitigates traumatic brain injury by activating anti-ferroptotic AHR-CYP1B1 pathway","volume":"337","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115782","article-title":"Hesperetin protects hippocampal neurons from the neurotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in mice","volume":"269","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology Environ Saf"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-025-04858-w","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of urolithin A against cadmium-induced NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and cognitive deficits via regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling","volume":"204","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/2662362","article-title":"Irisin alleviates cognitive impairment by inhibiting AhR\/NF-\u03baB-NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2024","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.038984","article-title":"Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, primarily via induction of apoptosis in T cells involving activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and estrogen receptor","volume":"72","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.08.003","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolite indoles induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"106","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behavior Immun"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155376","article-title":"Salidroside protects pulmonary artery endothelial cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via the AhR\/NF-\u03baB and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"128","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Int J Phytotherapy Phytopharmacology"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154774","article-title":"Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on oxidative stress in COPD via the AhR \/ CYP1A1 and Nrf2 \/ NQO1 pathways and the underlying mechanism","volume":"114","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Int J Phytotherapy Phytopharmacology"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8104","article-title":"Formononetin attenuates cigarette smoke-induced COPD in mice by suppressing inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells via AhR\/CYP1A1 and AKT\/mTOR signaling pathways","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Res PTR"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142885","article-title":"Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene enhances the sensitivity of airway epithelial cells to ferroptosis and aggravates asthma","volume":"363","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136921","article-title":"Clofazimine inhibits small-cell lung cancer progression by modulating the kynurenine\/aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis","volume":"282","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.Mcr-24-0151","article-title":"Ruthenium drug BOLD-100 regulates BRAFMT colorectal cancer cell apoptosis through AhR\/ROS\/ATR signaling axis modulation","volume":"22","author":"Griffin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Research: MCR"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0192","article-title":"Mitophagy induction and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated redox signaling contribute to the suppression of breast cancer cell growth by taloxifene via regulation of inflammasomes activation","volume":"37","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signaling"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201000576","article-title":"Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) suppresses EL4 tumor growth by induction of apoptosis involving reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and NF-\u03baB","volume":"55","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02096-z","article-title":"3,3'-diindolylmethane induces ferroptosis and inhibits proliferation in non-small-cell lung cancer through the AHR\/NRF2\/GPX4 axis","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Oncol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14050616","article-title":"Rutaecarpine protects human endothelial cells from oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis via TRPV1- and AhR-mediated Nrf2 activation","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116711","article-title":"Targeting AhR suppresses hepatocyte ferroptosis in MASH by regulating the Pten\/Akt\/\u03b2 catenin axis","volume":"232","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17988","article-title":"Review article: a practical approach to persistent gastrointestinal symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease in remission","volume":"59","author":"Aliu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01038-y","article-title":"Influence of biological sex in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"22","author":"Tshikudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08789-3","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a potential target for the control of intestinal inflammation: insights from an immune and bacteria sensor receptor","volume":"59","author":"Pernomian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167735","article-title":"Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor attenuates intestinal inflammation by enhancing IRF4-mediated macrophage M2 polarization","volume":"1871","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03772-9","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of environmental pollutant-induced cartilage damage: from developmental disorders to osteoarthritis","volume":"98","author":"Skalny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310820","article-title":"Host-microbiome interactions: tryptophan metabolism and aromatic hydrocarbon receptors after traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901545","article-title":"Species-specific differential AhR expression protects human neural progenitor cells against developmental neurotoxicity of PAHs","volume":"118","author":"Gassmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/011570159x340635241022113450","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor establishes a delicate balance between the level of the trace amine tryptamine and monoamine oxidase activity in the brain and periphery in health and conditions such as neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders","volume":"23","author":"Kot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-016-0522-2","article-title":"Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in rat brain lesions following traumatic brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134066","article-title":"Exposure estimation and neurotoxicity inhibition of dioxins in sensitive populations near domestic waste incineration plant through adverse outcome pathway","volume":"469","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139798","article-title":"Microbial aromatic amino acid metabolism is modifiable in fermented food matrices to promote bioactivity","volume":"454","author":"Kasperek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.40.777","article-title":"Effects of scorched food leachates with or without activated charcoal pretreatment on AhR activation in cultured cells","volume":"40","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.0000000675","article-title":"Uremic toxins, CKD, and cognitive dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Andrews","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/nxi.0000000000000933","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor plasma agonist activity correlates with disease activity in progressive MS","volume":"8","author":"Tsaktanis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.61601","article-title":"Activating AhR alleviates cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease model mice by upregulating endogenous A\u03b2 catabolic enzyme neprilysin","volume":"11","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.08.051","article-title":"Microbiome-derived indole-3-lactic acid reduces amyloidopathy through aryl-hydrocarbon receptor activation","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behavior Immun"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1433747","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway: a linking bridge between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"18","author":"Coretti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0391-7","article-title":"Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in lung inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Beamer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathology"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19980-8","article-title":"Lead nitrate induces inflammation and apoptosis in rat lungs through the activation of NF-\u03baB and AhR signaling pathways","volume":"29","author":"Attafi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Sci pollut Res Int"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14010098","article-title":"The relationship between fine particle matter (PM2.5) exposure and upper respiratory tract diseases","volume":"14","author":"Zar\u0119ba","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Personalized Med"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03179-9","article-title":"Effects of urban airborne particulate matter exposure on the human upper respiratory tract microbiome: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Arca-Lafuente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.09.064","article-title":"Assessment of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a human cell-based reporter gene assay","volume":"220","author":"Vondr\u00e1\u010dek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ pollut (Barking Essex 1987)"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00099-0","article-title":"Origins of cancer: ain't it just mature cells misbehaving","volume":"43","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.07.045","article-title":"Evasion of cell death: a contributory factor in prostate cancer development and treatment resistance","volume":"520","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01110-y","article-title":"Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduction Targeted Ther"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3846","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in cancer: friend and foe","volume":"14","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868140-00008","article-title":"Raloxifene: a review of its use in the prevention of invasive breast cancer","volume":"68","author":"Moen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6883","article-title":"Roles of plant-derived bioactive compounds and related microRNAs in cancer therapy","volume":"35","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research: PTR"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155749","article-title":"Plant-derived inducers in tumor differentiation therapy: a systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine: Int J Phytotherapy Phytopharmacology"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.06.002","article-title":"Two likely targets for the anti-cancer effect of indole derivatives from cruciferous vegetables: PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signalling pathway and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"46","author":"Popolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad083","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease: a review from the European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine Working Group of the European Renal Association","volume":"119","author":"Zoccali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00408-4","article-title":"Uraemic solutes as therapeutic targets in CKD-associated cardiovascular disease","volume":"17","author":"Ravid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00867-8","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in liver inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Carambia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1881079\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:25:51Z","timestamp":1785212751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1881079\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":164,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1881079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1881079","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"article-number":"1881079"}}