{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:49:08Z","timestamp":1785926948680,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combinatorial immunotherapies have revolutionized the clinical management of advanced malignancies, yet their prominent anti-tumor efficacy is frequently compromised by treatment-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction governed by reciprocal signaling circuitry bridging the tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral muscle compartments. This review systematically delineates conserved soluble mediator and cytokine networks underlying therapy-triggered myotoxicity across five core combinatorial regimens, chemoimmunotherapy, targeted immunotherapy, gene therapy, tumor vaccines, and CAR-T cell therapy, alongside modality-specific toxic signaling axes. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived TGF-\u03b2, glycolysis-originated lactate, and IL-6\/TNF-\u03b1-centered inflammatory cascades converge to activate the myostatin\/FoxO3 transcriptional program and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis, disrupting muscle anabolic-catabolic homeostasis. Type II fast-twitch glycolytic fibers and muscle satellite cells display disproportionate susceptibility to inflammatory and metabolic damage, whereas clinical confounders including corticosteroid exposure, chronological age, and sex hormones stratify interpatient vulnerability to muscle wasting. Conventional and emerging skeletal muscle biomechanical assessment modalities are critically benchmarked, with electrical impedance myography highlighted as a high-sensitivity platform for subclinical tissue remodeling detection, and tiered multimodal monitoring pipelines are formulated for prospective immunotherapy clinical trials. Translational muscle-protective interventions covering structured resistance training, personalized nutritional supplementation, and anti-cachexia pharmacotherapy are comprehensively consolidated. Collectively, this review establishes an integrated mechanistic and translational framework to advance holistic oncologic care that reconciles robust anti-tumor immunity with sustained skeletal muscle integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:20:42Z","timestamp":1785925242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A review of soluble mediator and cytokine networks linking combination immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment remodeling and skeletal muscle dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Liaoning University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University","place":["Shenyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01282-8","article-title":"Immunosuppressive cells in cancer: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Tie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071524","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of various exercise therapies and combined treatments on inflammatory biomarkers and morphological measures of skeletal muscle among older adults with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5925","article-title":"The difference between clinical significance and statistical significance","volume":"54","author":"Elasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1572821","article-title":"Unraveling the triad of immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, and skeletal muscle biomechanics in oncology","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1551561","article-title":"Mechanisms, assessment, and exercise interventions for skeletal muscle dysfunction post-chemotherapy in breast cancer: from inflammation factors to clinical practice","volume":"15","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1855429","article-title":"Immune-excluded and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments: mechanisms, spatial biomarkers, and therapeutic rewiring","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2023-0009","article-title":"Classification and medical applications of biomaterials\u2013a mini review","volume":"4","author":"Chong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bio Integration"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01848-7","article-title":"Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1822271","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine networks in colorectal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-03765-3","article-title":"CXCL2: a key player in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory diseases","volume":"25","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-026-00415-6","article-title":"The extracellular matrix in inflammation and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol BioMed"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01173-2","article-title":"Mechanoregulation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity","volume":"25","author":"Huse","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg3840","article-title":"The extracellular matrix as hallmark of cancer and metastasis: from biomechanics to therapeutic targets","volume":"16","author":"Khalil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2023-0022","article-title":"Targeting the CD24-Siglec10 axis: a potential strategy for BIO Integration","volume":"5","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bio Integration"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0161","article-title":"The immunological synapse","volume":"2","author":"Dustin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06902-2","article-title":"Computational immune synapse analysis reveals T-cell interactions in distinct tumor microenvironments","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01574-x","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing technology applied to epigenetics for the study of tumor heterogeneity","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00911-1","article-title":"A single-cell and spatially resolved atlas of human breast cancers","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0355-0","article-title":"A pan-cancer blueprint of the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment revealed by single-cell profiling","volume":"30","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1852616","article-title":"Research progress on tumor extracellular matrix stiffness and immunosuppression","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2021.3136198","article-title":"Dynamic characterization of single cells based on temporal cellular mechanical properties","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Nanobiosci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.962968","article-title":"Role of irisin in physiology and pathology","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.22215","article-title":"DNA2 and EXO1 in replication-coupled, homology-directed repair and in the interplay between HDR and the FA\/BRCA network","volume":"11","author":"Karanja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1787374","article-title":"Skeletal muscle dysfunction induced by cancer immunotherapy: mechanistic insights and surgical implications","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00646-1","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion: the interplay in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"biomark Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.09.044","article-title":"CXCL12+ tumor-associated endothelial cells promote immune resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"82","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.189007","article-title":"The association between the neuroendocrine system and the tumor immune microenvironment: emerging directions for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"1878","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11795549241287058","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblast in the tumor microenvironment: from basics to clinic","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Oncol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-03001-7","article-title":"Cholinergic signaling via the \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulates the migration of monocyte-derived macrophages during acute inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Keever","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00549-7","article-title":"The advent of immune stimulating CAFs in cancer","volume":"23","author":"Tsoumakidou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16584","article-title":"Muscle cell-derived cytokines in skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"289","author":"Waldemer-Streyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01454-0","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies","volume":"16","author":"Setiawan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00500","article-title":"The JAK\/STAT pathway in skeletal muscle pathophysiology","volume":"10","author":"Moresi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.188945","article-title":"Reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"1878","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20260486","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokine-driven molecular signaling in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia","volume":"54","author":"Pati","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101377","article-title":"Lymph node and tumor-associated PD-L1(+) macrophages antagonize dendritic cell vaccines by suppressing CD8(+) T cells","volume":"5","author":"Sprooten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-026-02583-z","article-title":"Targeting inflammatory microenvironments: overcoming therapy resistance","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028480","article-title":"Interferon \u03b3 and its important roles in promoting and inhibiting spontaneous and therapeutic cancer immunity","volume":"11","author":"Alspach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212223","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113470","article-title":"Colorectal cancer cells establish metabolic reprogramming with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through lactate shuttle to enhance invasion, migration, and angiogenesis","volume":"143","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.218","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutics","volume":"4","author":"Nong","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12101818","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1)-mediated lactate uptake protects pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells from oxidative stress during glutamine scarcity thereby promoting resistance against inhibitors of glutamine metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Ammar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01600-2","article-title":"Cancer associated fibroblasts and metabolic reprogramming: unraveling the intricate crosstalk in tumor evolution","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01498-2","article-title":"Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01503-x","article-title":"Ammonia-induced lysosomal and mitochondrial damage causes cell death of effector CD8(+) T cells","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemeta\/loae006","article-title":"Myokines: metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Metab"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay9592","article-title":"Perturbed BMP signaling and denervation promote muscle wasting in cancer cachexia","volume":"13","author":"Sartori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.06.003","article-title":"GDF11 increases with age and inhibits skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Egerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.011","article-title":"LDHA-associated lactic acid production blunts tumor immunosurveillance by T and NK cells","volume":"24","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4318","article-title":"Role of activin A and myostatin in human cancer cachexia","volume":"100","author":"Loumaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01440","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: ASCO guideline update","volume":"39","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15112912","article-title":"Chemo-immunotherapy: a new trend in cancers","volume":"15","author":"Sordo-Bahamonde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03382-w","article-title":"Evaluation of pembrolizumab plus cisplatin and fluorouracil in radical treatment for patients with T4b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Hokamura","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020272","article-title":"Elevated creatine kinase (CK) and myositis triggered by immune checkpoint inhibitors: muscle mysteries unveiled","volume":"16","author":"Modi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13261","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab plus standard chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2017.06.004","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and tolerance between combination therapy and monotherapy as first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02510-2","article-title":"Neoadjuvant toripalimab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NeoTGP01): an open label, single-arm, phase Ib clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-021-03896-w","article-title":"Interim analysis of the efficiency and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor (sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel) in potentially resectable stage IIIA\/IIIB non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"149","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad342","article-title":"Atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide in patients with untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: interim results of the MAURIS phase IIIb trial","volume":"29","author":"Bria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01234-4","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590)","volume":"398","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1231986","article-title":"Case report: combined pembrolizumab, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin therapy were remarkably effective in p16-positive squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary","volume":"13","author":"Suzuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-03769-z","article-title":"Progress of PD-1\/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.384","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance","volume":"31","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00797-2","article-title":"First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649)","volume":"398","author":"Janjigian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05602-9","article-title":"Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory responses in chondrocytes through modulating LOX-1","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030627","article-title":"Chemotherapy side-effects: not all DNA damage is equal","volume":"14","author":"van den Boogaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041242","article-title":"Cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction: mechanisms and counteracting therapeutic strategies","volume":"21","author":"Conte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000382","article-title":"Preservation of muscle mass as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of cancer chemotherapy on body composition","volume":"12","author":"Pin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.27280","article-title":"Insights on cyclophosphamide metabolism and anticancer mechanism of action","volume":"45","author":"Dabbish","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181086","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide leads to persistent deficits in physical performance and in vivo mitochondria function in a mouse model of chemotherapy late effects","volume":"12","author":"Crouch","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers2031717","article-title":"5-fu metabolism in cancer and orally-administrable 5-fu drugs","volume":"2","author":"Miura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2023068","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rh3 induces pyroptosis and ferroptosis through the Stat3\/p53\/NRF2 axis in colorectal cancer cells","volume":"55","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2020-0008","article-title":"Nanobiohybrids: a synergistic integration of bacteria and nanomaterials","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bio Integration"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2020-0033","article-title":"Understanding of the entry mechanism of nanoparticles into tumors determines the future direction of nanomedicine development","volume":"1","author":"Saw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bio Integration"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-024-00135-7","article-title":"A review of the pathophysiological mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and aging","volume":"10","author":"Linders","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Aging"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114691","article-title":"Doxorubicin downregulates autophagy to promote apoptosis-induced dilated cardiomyopathy via regulating the AMPK\/mTOR pathway","volume":"162","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06154-8","article-title":"Autophagy: regulator of cell death","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.65258","article-title":"Underlying the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity: oxidative stress and cell death","volume":"18","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.3965","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced weakness and fatigue in skeletal muscle: the role of oxidative stress","volume":"15","author":"Gilliam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13261","article-title":"Docetaxel does not impair skeletal muscle force production in a murine model of cancer chemotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Chaillou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609214","article-title":"Fulminant myocarditis with combination immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"375","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.107","article-title":"Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease","volume":"17","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.10.014","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b1 release during necrotic-like cell death generates myeloid-driven immunosuppression that restricts anti-tumor immunity","volume":"42","author":"H\u00e4nggi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16122211","article-title":"Dendritic cells in shaping anti-tumor T cell response","volume":"16","author":"Mazzoccoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00787-3","article-title":"Dendritic cell maturation in cancer","volume":"25","author":"Moon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00490-y","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity","volume":"21","author":"Veglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001226","article-title":"Single dual-specific anti-PD-L1\/TGF-\u03b2 antibody synergizes with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a preclinical experimental study","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29108","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b2 signaling pathway: a promising therapeutic target for cancer","volume":"235","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117585","article-title":"Physiological and tumor-associated angiogenesis: key factors and therapy targeting VEGF\/VEGFR pathway","volume":"180","author":"Lorenc","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.868695","article-title":"The evasion mechanisms of cancer immunity and drug intervention in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118023","article-title":"Targeting VEGF signaling for tumor microenvironment remodeling and metastasis inhibition","volume":"186","author":"Mahaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174223","article-title":"Lenvatinib or sorafenib treatment causing a decrease in skeletal muscle mass, an independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Imai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01469-6","article-title":"Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy: pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management","volume":"8","author":"Shyam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1563303","article-title":"Impact of lactate on immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"16","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-01953-7","article-title":"CAFs secrete CXCL12 to accelerate the progression and cisplatin resistance of colorectal cancer","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01584-4","article-title":"Skeletal muscle-directed gene therapy: hijacking the fusogenic properties of muscle cells","volume":"8","author":"B\u00fcning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00487-6","article-title":"Viral vector platforms within the gene therapy landscape","volume":"6","author":"Bulcha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-GMB-2022-0079","article-title":"The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy","volume":"45","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2023.102282","article-title":"Cell entry and innate sensing shape adaptive immune responses to adenovirus-based vaccines","volume":"80","author":"Marquez-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2020-0029","article-title":"Experimental study on the viscoelastic flow mixing in microfluidics","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bio Integration"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba7365","article-title":"CRISPR-engineered T cells in patients with refractory cancer","volume":"367","author":"Stadtmauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1143157","article-title":"Off-target effects in CRISPR\/Cas9 gene editing","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.03.045","article-title":"Therapeutic in vivo delivery of gene editing agents","volume":"185","author":"Raguram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.901277","article-title":"GM-CSF: A double-edged sword in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.6.1693","article-title":"Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte\/macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"176","author":"Inaba","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3539","article-title":"Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"90","author":"Dranoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1549276","article-title":"Research progress of HIF-1a on immunotherapy outcomes in immune vascular microenvironment","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2023-0005","article-title":"Peptide assemblies as promising tumor vaccines: Current platforms and progress","volume":"4","author":"Jordaan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bio Integration"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2024.111209","article-title":"Combining anti-checkpoint immunotherapies and cancer vaccines as a novel strategy in oncological therapy: A review","volume":"86","author":"Ghaneialvar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22991","article-title":"An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma","volume":"547","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.10833","article-title":"Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif are effective as immune adjuvants in tumor antigen immunization","volume":"94","author":"Weiner","year":"1997","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inmd.20240083","article-title":"Establishing a liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS\/MS) method for both 18\u2010hydroxycorticosterone and its interference: Revisiting the specificity characteristic of LC\u2010MS\/MS in the steroid measurement","volume":"3","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interdiscip Med"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83026-x","article-title":"Enhancing antibody levels and T cell activity of quadrivalent influenza vaccine by combining it with CpG HP021","volume":"14","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inmd.20230047","article-title":"CAR-T-cell products in solid tumors: Progress, challenges, and strategies","volume":"2","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interdiscip Med"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104751","article-title":"Revolutionizing immunotherapy: The next frontier in CAR T-cell engineering","volume":"211","author":"Suchiita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13171","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy: A breakthrough in traditional cancer treatment strategies (Review)","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02174-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity of CAR T-cell therapy and associated prevention and management strategies","volume":"40","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c190013","article-title":"Role of skeletal muscle in insulin resistance and glucose uptake","volume":"10","author":"Merz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6711","article-title":"CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer","volume":"359","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0004-1","article-title":"Turning foes to friends: targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150892","article-title":"6'-sialyllactose prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by controlling the muscle protein degradation pathway","volume":"736","author":"Go","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17132063","article-title":"Management of triple M syndrome: A narrative review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis","volume":"17","author":"Furlepa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe","volume":"186","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8299","article-title":"Changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"87","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68523","article-title":"NF-\u03baB-mediated Pax7 dysregulation in the muscle microenvironment promotes cancer cachexia","volume":"123","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140822","article-title":"Assessment of lower limb muscle strength and power using hand-held and fixed dynamometry: A reliability and validity study","volume":"10","author":"Mentiplay","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2026.103149","article-title":"Reliability of bioimpedance spectroscopy in the upper trapezius muscle","volume":"88","author":"Lamarre","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2017-0052","article-title":"Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand held dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry in the hip, knee and ankle joint: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chamorro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2026-0007","article-title":"A proof-of-concept comparison of Azure Kinect and smartphone-based OpenCap for driving musculoskeletal simulations: A unified framework with foot-ground contact modeling","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bio Integration"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2018-000722","article-title":"Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling","volume":"66","author":"Borga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.10.014","article-title":"Sarcopenia affects the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-075","article-title":"A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care","volume":"33","author":"Mourtzakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70300","article-title":"Impact of correcting for pelvic tilt on the assessment of concentric hip extension torque: Validity and reliability of isokinetic dynamometry","volume":"36","author":"Hegyi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160116","article-title":"Shear-wave elastography: Basic physics and musculoskeletal applications","volume":"37","author":"Taljanovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13568","article-title":"Body composition derangements in lung cancer patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab: A multicentre observational study","volume":"15","author":"Trestini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27978","article-title":"Electrical impedance myography in healthy volunteers","volume":"69","author":"Offit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26111","article-title":"Predicting myofiber size with electrical impedance myography: a study in immature mice","volume":"58","author":"Kapur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.666964","article-title":"Potential utility of electrical impedance myography in evaluating age-related skeletal muscle function deficits","volume":"12","author":"Clark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a034405","article-title":"Electrical impedance methods in neuromuscular assessment: An overview","volume":"9","author":"Rutkove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223265","article-title":"Electrical impedance myography for the detection of muscle inflammation induced by \u03bb-carrageenan","volume":"14","author":"Mortreux","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25768","article-title":"Assessing paraspinal muscle atrophy with electrical impedance myography: Limitations and insights","volume":"42","author":"Guven","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-026-04175-w","article-title":"Multifrequency electrical impedance myography enhanced with machine learning for screening patients with neuromuscular disorders","author":"Sonbas-Cobb","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00730-3","article-title":"Clinical and translational attributes of immune-related adverse events","volume":"5","author":"Suijkerbuijk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16091696","article-title":"Updates in cancer cachexia: Clinical management and pharmacologic interventions","volume":"16","author":"Pandey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2023.103689","article-title":"Update on the treatment of cancer cachexia","volume":"28","author":"Nishie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2023-CT054","article-title":"Abstract CT054: Phase 2 study to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the GDF-15 inhibitor ponsegromab in patients with cancer cachexia","volume":"83","author":"Crawford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01332-8","article-title":"Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2023.2276486","article-title":"The relationship between exercise capacity and muscle strength, physical activity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with cancer cachexia","volume":"76","author":"Polat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-026-04405-w","article-title":"Body composition radiomics integrated with machine learning to predict prognosis in advanced NSCLC treated with first-line immunochemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/77894","article-title":"Advanced clinical-based technologies for monitoring physical function in breast cancer survivors: Scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Azhdar","year":"2026","journal-title":"JMIR Cancer"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883135\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:20:43Z","timestamp":1785925243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883135\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":151,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"article-number":"1883135"}}