{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:47:22Z","timestamp":1785822442541,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antenatal-immunization is the primary strategy to protect neonates from pertussis. However, the global shift to acellular vaccines (aP) has raised concerns regarding the duration of transferred immunity, largely due to the Th2-skewed profile they induce. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy transferred to offspring by a novel, unadjuvanted\n                      <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                      Outer Membrane Vesicle-based vaccine (OMVPreg), which induces a mixed Th1\/Th2\/Th17 response, compared to the commercial aP vaccine (aPPreg).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female mice received a primary two-dose series of aP followed by an antenatal booster of either OMVPreg or aPPreg. Offspring from successive litters were intranasally challenged with\n                      <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                      at neonatal (day7), infant (day21), and adult (day60) stages. We first characterized the maternal-offspring humoral response and subsequently quantified offspring protection through pulmonary bacterial clearance (log10CFU), correlating these outcomes with antibody kinetics and cellular immune profiles measured by ELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both vaccines were immunogenic in dams, albeit with distinct profiles. The primary two-dose aP schedule, as well as the aPPreg booster, elicited a predominantly IgG1 isotype response (Th2-skewed), whereas OMVPreg induced a mixed IgG1\/IgG2a\/IgG3 response. This balanced isotype profile was achieved despite prior aP priming, indicating that the OMV booster effectively redirected maternal immunity. The isotype polarization was faithfully transferred to offspring, and IgG-levels in OMVPreg pups remained stable across successive litters, unlike aPPreg pups which showed a significant decline. Upon challenge, OMVPreg offspring exhibited an age-dependent mixed cellular profile: neonates produced higher IFN-\u03b3 and IL-22, infants higher IL-17, and adults maintained higher IFN-\u03b3 compared to aPPreg counterparts (offspring born shortly after antenatal boost), confirming that OMVs provide essential Th1 signals deficient in aP-boosted offspring. Regarding protection, both vaccines provided equivalent bacterial clearance in early litters (within 12 weeks post-booster). However, in adult offspring from late-born litters (&amp;gt;14weeks), aPPreg-mediated protection waned (4.6 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      CFU), whereas OMVPreg offspring maintained superior clearance (3.6 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      CFU; p&amp;lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unadjuvanted OMVs effectively modulate the offspring\u2019s immune environment, bridging the vulnerability gap left by acellular vaccines. Notably, this was achieved despite prior aP priming, demonstrating that the OMV booster redirects maternal immunity toward a balanced isotype profile and a mixed Th1\/Th17-antibody isotype signature response. This translated into long-term protection against severe pulmonary disease in offspring, even as passive maternal antibodies waned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:36:02Z","timestamp":1785821762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unadjuvanted antenatal pertussis OMV vaccination drives enhanced and durable humoral immunity in offspring"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Oriana","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Emilia","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Martin Aispuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Locati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernarda","family":"Pschunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Zurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bottero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Hozbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET -La Plata","place":["La Plata, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-016-0043-8","article-title":"The pertussis resurgence: Putting together the pieces of the puzzle","volume":"2","author":"Lapidot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000177282.53500.77","article-title":"Resurgence of pertussis in Europe","volume":"24","author":"Celentano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000071","article-title":"Pertussis resurgence: Waning immunity and pathogen adaptation - Two sides of the same coin","volume":"142","author":"Mooi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008625","article-title":"Whoop! There it is: The surprising resurgence of pertussis","volume":"16","author":"Fullen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1581065","article-title":"The prevention of severe pertussis and pertussis deaths in young infants","volume":"18","author":"Cherry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.10.028","article-title":"Recommendations to control pertussis prioritized relative to economies: A global pertussis initiative update","volume":"36","author":"Forsyth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women \u2014 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012\n          \n          \n            \n              Sawyer\n              M\n            \n            \n              Liang\n              JL\n            \n            \n              Messonnier\n              N\n            \n            \n              Clark\n              TA\n            \n          \n          \n          2013"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.109","article-title":"Maternal immunization in Argentina: A storyline from the prospective of a middle income country","volume":"33","author":"Vizzotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.012","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness and programmatic benefits of maternal vaccination against pertussis in England","volume":"73","author":"van Hoek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60686-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in England: An observational study","volume":"384","author":"Amirthalingam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000829","article-title":"Review of vaccination in pregnancy to prevent pertussis in early infancy","volume":"67","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.07.026","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy in Japan","volume":"36","author":"Hoshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10121990","article-title":"Vaccination in pregnancy against pertussis: A consensus statement on behalf of the global pertussis initiative","volume":"10","author":"Abu-Raya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4091","article-title":"Effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis","volume":"139","author":"Baxter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/HV.22755","article-title":"A CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant for acellular pertussis vaccine improves the protective response against Bordetella pertussis","volume":"9","author":"Asokanathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit560","article-title":"Immune responses to pertussis vaccines and disease","volume":"209","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029454","article-title":"What is wrong with pertussis vaccine immunity?: The problem of waning effectiveness of pertussis vaccines","volume":"9","author":"Burdin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040621","article-title":"Next-generation pertussis vaccines based on the induction of protective t cells in the respiratory tract","volume":"8","author":"Chasaide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02025","article-title":"T helper (Th) cell profiles in pregnancy and recurrent pregnancy losses: Th1\/Th2\/Th9\/Th17\/Th22\/Tfh cells","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.047","article-title":"Maternal antibodies inhibit neonatal and infant responses to vaccination by shaping the early-life B cell repertoire within germinal centers","volume":"28","author":"Vono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/S44321-025-00199-2","article-title":"Pertussis before, during and after Covid-19","volume":"17","author":"Locht","year":"2025","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.45963","article-title":"Global incidence of pertussis after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Gorringe","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318124a9dd","article-title":"Impact of a pertussis booster vaccination program in adolescents and adults on the epidemiology of pertussis in Austria","volume":"26","author":"Rendi-Wagner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31744\/EINSTEIN_JOURNAL\/2025RW1119","article-title":"How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: An integrative review","volume":"23","author":"Mor\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/VACCINES13010006\/S1","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on DTP3 vaccination coverage in Europe (2012\u20132023)","volume":"13","author":"Aguinaga-Ontoso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00320-6","article-title":"Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: A mathematical modelling study","volume":"22","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.126811","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization coverage of children and teenagers in Ontario, Canada","volume":"49","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftv067","article-title":"Roads to the development of improved pertussis vaccines paved by immunology","volume":"8","author":"Brummelman","year":"2015"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000676","article-title":"Overcoming waning immunity in pertussis vaccines: Workshop of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","volume":"205","author":"Damron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2019_407","article-title":"New pertussis vaccines: A need and a challenge","volume":"1183","author":"Hozbor","year":"2019"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00988.x","article-title":"New pertussis vaccination approaches: En route to protect newborns","volume":"66","author":"Locht","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03068","article-title":"The role of mucosal immunity in pertussis","volume":"10","author":"Solans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.004.","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles as acellular vaccine against pertussis","volume":"26","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.08.084","article-title":"Characterization of the key antigenic components of pertussis vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles","volume":"32","author":"Ormaz\u00e1bal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.12.068","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles obtained from Bordetella pertussis Tohama expressing the lipid A deacylase PagL as a novel acellular vaccine candidate","volume":"29","author":"Asensio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00125","article-title":"A pertussis outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine induces lung-resident memory CD4 T cells and protection against Bordetella pertussis, including pertactin deficient strains","volume":"9","author":"Zurita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1506638\/PDF","article-title":"Mucosal vaccination with outer membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella pertussis reduces nasal bacterial colonization after experimental infection","volume":"15","author":"Rudi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006801","article-title":"Release of outer membrane vesicles from Bordetella pertussis","volume":"38","author":"Hozbor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.12.048","article-title":"Acellular pertussis vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles capable of conferring both long-lasting immunity and protection against different strain genotypes","volume":"32","author":"Gaillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2018.00783","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles: Current status and future direction of these novel vaccine adjuvants","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13020131","article-title":"Bacterial-derived outer membrane vesicles are potent adjuvants that drive humoral and cellular immune responses","volume":"13","author":"Prior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1387534","article-title":"Outer\u00a0membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella pertussis are potent adjuvant that drive Th1-biased response","volume":"15","author":"Pschunder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-63-2-211","article-title":"A simple chemically defined medium for the production of phase I Bordetella pertussis","volume":"63","author":"Stainer","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00723","article-title":"Use of a neonatal-mouse model to characterize vaccines and strategies for overcoming the high susceptibility and severity of pertussis in early life","volume":"11","author":"Martin Aispuro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/421486","article-title":"Immunization with the recombinant cholera toxin B fused to fimbria 2 protein protects against Bordetella pertussis infection","volume":"2014","author":"Olivera","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314688110","article-title":"Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model","volume":"111","author":"Warfel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451630","article-title":"Acellular pertussis vaccines induce CD8+ and CD4+ regulatory T cells that suppress protective tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells, in part via IL-10","volume":"55","author":"N\u00ed Chasaide","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1014128","article-title":"Mechanisms of natural and vaccine-induced immunity to Bordetella pertussis","volume":"22","author":"Borkner","year":"2026","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1602051","article-title":"Lung CD4 tissue-resident memory T cells mediate adaptive immunity induced by previous infection of mice with Bordetella pertussis","volume":"199","author":"Wilk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.081","article-title":"Impact of a maternal immunization program against pertussis in a developing country","volume":"34","author":"Vizzotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935296","article-title":"Maternal-fetal microchimerism: impacts on offspring's immune development and transgenerational immune memory transfer","volume":"73","author":"Malinsk\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1210580","article-title":"Maternal vaccination: shaping the neonatal response to pertussis","volume":"14","author":"Callender","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.38","article-title":"Immunological implications of pregnancy-induced microchimerism","volume":"17","author":"Kinder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01920","article-title":"Update on transplacental transfer of IgG subclasses: impact of maternal and fetal factors","volume":"11","author":"Clements","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883311\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:36:04Z","timestamp":1785821764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883311\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1883311","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"article-number":"1883311"}}