{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:00:57Z","timestamp":1785477657337,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) presents with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, yet the tissue-level molecular landscape in pediatric AAV remains poorly understood. We aimed to characterize spatially resolved renal disease programs across different histopathological stages of pediatric AAV and compared with adult AAV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We applied spatial transcriptomics to renal biopsies from pediatric patients with AAV representing distinct histological classes defined by the Berden classification (4 control, 2 focal, and 3 non-focal cases), generating an\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      map of localized disease programs. Gene co-expression network and differential expression analyses were used to identify compartment-specific transcriptional programs and cell type markers, which were correlated with pathological indicators. Functional pathway and ligand\u2013receptor interaction analyses were conducted to characterize lesion-associated signaling. Independent adult AAV spatial transcriptomic cohorts and immunofluorescence were used for validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four disease-associated compartments\u2014immune\/interstitial fibroblasts (IM\/Fib), glomeruli, myofibroblasts, and vascular compartments\u2014showed distinct compartment-specific signatures that correlated with patient-level histopathology. We further identified coordinated immune\u2013fibrotic signaling associated with different histopathological classes. Integrative analysis with an independent adult AAV spatial transcriptomic cohort revealed conserved core injury programs in glomerular and vascular compartments across age groups, layered with distinct age-dependent immunometabolic and stress-response signatures. Within IM\/Fib, the CXCR4\u2013CD74 receptor complex co-localized with IgM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells, and lumican (LUM) co-localized with collagen I\/III; both were validated by immunofluorescence and associated with fibrotic injury. These findings were further corroborated using a larger dataset (n=38) of adult AAV patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These tissue-anchored signatures represent potential disease-associated molecular features with possible diagnostic relevance, and highlight the value of this foundational spatial transcriptomics map for generating testable hypotheses to be further evaluated in larger, stratified, treatment-annotated cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1884100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:38:52Z","timestamp":1785476332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial transcriptomics reveals injury-responsive compartments and coordinated immune\u2013fibrotic signaling in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yucheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD), Duke-NUS Medical School","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Duke-NUS AI + Medical Sciences Initiative (DAISI), Duke-NUS Medical School","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Data Science (CBDS), Duke-NUS Medical School","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Centre of Drug Discovery & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Petretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD), Duke-NUS Medical School","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Duke-NUS AI + Medical Sciences Initiative (DAISI), Duke-NUS Medical School","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Data Science (CBDS), Duke-NUS Medical School","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0145-y","article-title":"Pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"15","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.04.031","article-title":"ANCA-associated vasculitis: core curriculum 2020","volume":"75","author":"Geetha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-023-00753-3","article-title":"Risk factors for renal outcomes in children with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a nationwide retrospective study in China","volume":"20","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004481","article-title":"Course of paediatric ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis: advocating for an age-inclusive approach","volume":"10","author":"Barnini","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090533","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody pathogenesis in small-vessel vasculitis: an update","volume":"175","author":"G\u00f3mez-Puerta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.03.007","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis: an update","volume":"15","author":"Jarrot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00787-0","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases","volume":"23","author":"Wigerblad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11101625","article-title":"Pathogenic T-cell responses in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis","volume":"11","author":"Linke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/5531382","article-title":"Immune landscape variation in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody\u2010associated vasculitis circulation before and after plasmapheresis by single\u2010cell transcriptome","volume":"2025","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae292","article-title":"Infiltrative classical monocyte-derived and SPP1 lipid-associated macrophages mediate inflammation and fibrosis in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis","volume":"40","author":"Vegting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8220","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.20242ypes9c0","article-title":"Immune profiling-based targeting of pathogenic T cells with ustekinumab in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis","volume":"15","author":"Engesser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.22541\/au.159231778.83521197","article-title":"The alternative complement pathway in ANCA-associated vasculitis: further evidence and a meta-analysis","volume":"202","author":"Moiseev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa035","article-title":"Immunosuppressive and glucocorticoid therapy for the treatment of ANCA-asssociated vasculitis","volume":"59","author":"Neumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1024068","article-title":"Implications of rituximab pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations in various immune-mediated glomerulopathies and potential anti-CD20 therapy alternatives","volume":"13","author":"Hartinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16664","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avacopan, a C5a receptor inhibitor, in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody\u2013associated vasculitis treated concomitantly with rituximab or cyclophosphamide\/azathioprine: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"9","author":"Merkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062711","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and\/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"66","author":"Hellmich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab916","article-title":"Obinutuzumab as treatment for ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"61","author":"Amudala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.01.008","article-title":"Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy induces antibody seroconversion and complete B cell depletion in the bone marrow of a therapy-refractory patient with ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"84","author":"Minopoulou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24590","article-title":"Consensus treatment plans for severe pediatric antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody\u2013associated vasculitis","volume":"74","author":"Morishita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-025-01149-5","article-title":"New avenues in childhood vasculitis","volume":"23","author":"Ercan Emreol","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202111","article-title":"Disease activity assessment in childhood vasculitis: development and preliminary validation of the Paediatric Vasculitis Activity Score (PVAS)","volume":"72","author":"Dolezalova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20230531-00368","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated glomerulonephritis (2023)","volume":"61","author":"Aihua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2010050477","article-title":"Histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis","volume":"21","author":"Berden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01646-6","article-title":"Myokine mediated muscle-kidney crosstalk suppresses metabolic reprogramming and fibrosis in damaged kidneys","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-06832-3","article-title":"Seamless integration of image and molecular analysis for spatial transcriptomics workflows","volume":"21","author":"Bergenstr\u00e5hle","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.031","article-title":"Comprehensive integration of single-cell data","volume":"177","author":"Stuart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0844-5","article-title":"MAST: a flexible statistical framework for assessing transcriptional changes and characterizing heterogeneity in single-cell RNA sequencing data","volume":"16","author":"Finak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn4965","article-title":"A reference tissue atlas for the human kidney","volume":"8","author":"Hansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2023.100498","article-title":"hdWGCNA identifies co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data","volume":"3","author":"Morabito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Methods"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7866","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8866","article-title":"A draft network of ligand\u2013receptor-mediated multicellular signalling in human","volume":"6","author":"Ramilowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5mb00663e","article-title":"ReactomePA: an R\/Bioconductor package for reactome pathway analysis and visualization","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Biosyst"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02291-8","article-title":"Spatiotemporal interaction of immune and renal cells controls glomerular crescent formation in autoimmune kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Sultana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac775","article-title":"Comprehensive visualization of cell\u2013cell interactions in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with NICHES","volume":"39","author":"Raredon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4077","article-title":"OmniPath: guidelines and gateway for literature-curated signaling pathway resources","volume":"13","author":"T\u00fcrei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02986-2","article-title":"InterCellar enables interactive analysis and exploration of cell- cell communication in single-cell transcriptomic data","volume":"5","author":"Interlandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with imagej","volume":"11","author":"Abr\u00e0moff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics Int"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000494390","article-title":"Mercapturate pathway in the tubulocentric perspective of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"143","author":"Goncalves-Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000005068","article-title":"Targeted restoration of GPX3 attenuates renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by balancing selenoprotein expression and inhibiting ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis","volume":"108","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1549454","article-title":"Serum glutathione peroxidase-3 concentration at diagnosis as a biomarker for assessing disease activity and damage of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis at diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2015.12.001","article-title":"Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a multifunctional protein in the host defense response","volume":"28","author":"Majchrzak-Gorecka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B44","article-title":"Tubular osteopontin expression in patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis","volume":"56","author":"Nitta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05769-3","article-title":"An atlas of healthy and injured cell states and niches in the human kidney","volume":"619","author":"Lake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npre.2010.5025","article-title":"Reactome: a database of reactions, pathways and biological processes","volume":"39","author":"Croft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014070717","article-title":"JAK3\/STAT6 stimulates bone marrow\u2013derived fibroblast activation in renal fibrosis","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1086823","article-title":"Differentiated mouse kidney tubuloids as a novel in vitro model to study collecting duct physiology","volume":"11","author":"Olde Hanhof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2017.1322575","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein and stress: from invertebrates to humans","volume":"20","author":"Ketchesin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702810104","article-title":"Renal expression of parvalbumin is critical for NaCl handling and response to diuretics","volume":"104","author":"Belge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.2007.00509.x","article-title":"Mast cell tryptases and chymases in inflammation and host defense","volume":"217","author":"Caughey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-016-9520-y","article-title":"A non-canonical role for desmoglein-2 in endothelial cells: implications for neoangiogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Ebert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06075-4","article-title":"TMEM52B-derived peptides inhibit generation of soluble E-cadherin and EGFR activity to suppress colon cancer growth and early metastasis","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-715.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2) expression and interaction with proteinase 3 (PR3) in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis","volume":"105","author":"Csernok","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2022.01.001","article-title":"An adapted passive model of anti-MPO dependent crescentic glomerulonephritis reveals matrix dysregulation and is amenable to modulation by CXCR4 inhibition","volume":"106","author":"Abou Faycal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625672","article-title":"Glomerular immune deposition in MPO-ANCA associated glomerulonephritis is associated with poor renal survival","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.37","article-title":"Complement in ANCA-associated vasculitis: mechanisms and implications for management","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903678","article-title":"Molecular intercommunication between the complement and coagulation systems","volume":"185","author":"Amara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1166454","article-title":"Identification of afatinib-associated ADH1B and potential small-molecule drugs targeting ADH1B for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.054","article-title":"ADH1B\u2217 2 is associated with reduced severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults, independent of alcohol consumption","volume":"159","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103236","article-title":"Circulating immune profile in granulomatosis with polyangiitis reveals distinct patterns related to disease activity","volume":"146","author":"Bonasia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030850","article-title":"Activation of arterial wall dendritic cells and breakdown of self-tolerance in giant cell arteritis","volume":"199","author":"Ma-Krupa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02109","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CXCR4 in cell proliferation and tissue regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Bianchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00146.2014","article-title":"Chemokine receptor Cxcr4 contributes to kidney fibrosis via multiple effectors","volume":"308","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015020149","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates proliferative GN via CD74","volume":"27","author":"Djudjaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.08.013","article-title":"Activation of the JNK signalling pathway by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and dependence on CXCR4 and CD74","volume":"23","author":"Lue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197319","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"21","author":"Kronbichler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01250-9","article-title":"The pathogenesis, clinical presentations and treatment of monogenic systemic vasculitis","volume":"21","author":"G\u00fcl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1959","article-title":"Netting neutrophils in autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis","volume":"15","author":"Kessenbrock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-7-4","article-title":"The extracellular matrix in the kidney: a source of novel non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Genovese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000514013","article-title":"Identification of lumican and fibromodulin as hub genes associated with accumulation of extracellular matrix in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"46","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adl1666","article-title":"Childhood-onset lupus nephritis is characterized by complex interactions between kidney stroma and infiltrating immune cells","volume":"16","author":"Danaher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2013070773","article-title":"Galectin-1 upregulates CXCR4 to promote tumor progression and poor outcome in kidney cancer","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2009010122","article-title":"Tracing the origin of glomerular extracapillary lesions from parietal epithelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Smeets","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.03.036","article-title":"Single cell landscape of parietal epithelial cells in healthy and diseased states","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02617-2","article-title":"Optimizing Xenium In Situ data utility by quality assessment and best-practice analysis workflows","volume":"22","author":"Marco Salas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40674-3","article-title":"Spatial organization of the mouse retina at single cell resolution by MERFISH","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.05.008","article-title":"seqFISH accurately detects transcripts in single cells and reveals robust spatial organization in the hippocampus","volume":"94","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1884100\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:38:57Z","timestamp":1785476337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1884100\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1884100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1884100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"article-number":"1884100"}}