{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:55:15Z","timestamp":1792716915767,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.SUB.26.236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.26.236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In acute pancreatitis (AP), sudden epigastric pain is accompanied by intense release of inflammatory mediators that rapidly recruit and activate innate immune cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1) play a key role in amplifying inflammation and may contribute to systemic complications, while anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10) modulate this response. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate cytokines in patients with AP. We measured circulating cytokines at a single time point in 50 AP patients and 40 healthy controls using multiplex ELISA kit (Bio-Plex Pro\u2122 Human Cytokine Screening Panel). Statistically significant increases were observed for IL-1\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-10 and other cytokines (IL-2R\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-1R\u03b1, IL-16, IL-2, MIF, IFN-\u03b1, IL-5, IL-4, IL-3, IL-12[p40], IL-12[p70], IL-17, LIF, IL-18, IL-15, IL-13; all q \u2264 0.05), alongside decreases in TNF-\u03b2 (p = 0.00550, q = 0.00600) and IL 9 (p = 0.01983, q = 0.02070). IL 2R\u03b1 (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.918) and IFN-\u03b3 (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.907) demonstrated high discriminatory power for AP and remained significant after FDR correction (p &amp;lt; 0.0001, q &amp;lt; 0.0001). Correlation analysis linked IL-6, IL-16, and IL-1Ra with hepatic steatosis, IL-18 and IL-1Ra with alcohol use disorder and revealed an inverse relationship between IL-1\u03b2 levels and severity of pancreatic necrosis. The cytokine profile reflects concurrent activation of pro inflammatory pathways, compensatory anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and early lymphocytic suppression. IL-2R\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 appear to be sensitive early diagnostic biomarkers, and the inverse IL-1\u03b2 necrosis relationship suggests that early IL-1\u03b2 signaling may facilitate efficient tissue clearance. Multi cytokine profiling may improve early risk stratification and monitoring of immunological dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1888076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:19:40Z","timestamp":1786454380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unveiling the multidimensional cytokine landscape in acute pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jakub W.","family":"Kosid\u0142o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok","place":["Bialystok, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Dorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok","place":["Bialystok, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok","place":["Bialystok, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga M.","family":"Koper-Lenkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok","place":["Bialystok, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"\u017caczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Voivoship Hospital in Bialystok","place":["Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Saniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology 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