{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:27:44Z","timestamp":1787228864283,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The treatment of gastric cancer (GC) has entered an era of precision medicine combining molecular subtyping, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), anti-claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), anti-angiogenic therapy, and chemotherapy. However, efficacy remains limited by tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity, immune exclusion, myeloid suppression, nutrient competition, and metabolic adaptation. Lipid metabolic reprogramming represents a class of mechanisms with high translational value among metabolic immune checkpoints in GC: it supports tumor-cell membrane synthesis, redox homeostasis, peritoneal\/omental metastasis, and adaptation to therapeutic stress, while also affecting regulatory T cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), dendritic cells, and CD8+ T cells. This review focuses on cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-mediated fatty acid uptake; carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A)-dependent fatty acid oxidation (FAO); fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1)-mediated\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    lipogenesis; cholesterol and lipid-droplet metabolism; lipid-mediated post-translational modifications; lipid peroxidation; and ferroptosis. Lipid metabolism-targeted therapy should be positioned as a biomarker-driven combination strategy rather than as non-selective monotherapy. Future studies should integrate single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with lipidomics, imaging mass spectrometry, and paired pre- and post-treatment biopsies to define cell type-specific lipid dependencies and pharmacodynamic markers. Clinical translation will require prospective validation that a candidate intervention changes the intended lipid pathway in the intended tumor or immune-cell compartment without disabling metabolically essential normal tissues.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1890119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:45:15Z","timestamp":1787226315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipid metabolism and the immune microenvironment in gastric cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhuoyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71065","article-title":"Current advances and future 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