{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:47:10Z","timestamp":1793314030494,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":258,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and associated inflammatory arthritides are characterized by chronic synovial inflammation that drives destructive pannus formation, eroding cartilage and bone. Current therapies (csDMARDs, bDMARDs, and tsDMARDs) target immune cells and cytokine pathways but yield low rates of full remission, and many patients with residual synovitis continue to damage their joints. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) have emerged as key tumor-like mediators of RA. In the inflamed synovium, they expand, resist apoptosis, and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proteases that sustain disease. Directly killing and\/or reprogramming these pathogenic FLS is a promising complementary strategy. Recent advances in engineered cell therapies enable specific targeting of stromal cells. In this review, we will discuss novel CAR-based immune cells (CAR-T, CAR-NK, or CAR-macrophages) engineered to target FLS-specific antigens (e.g., fibroblast activation protein) and induce elimination or modulation of FLS. We advocate a primary \u201csafety-first\u201d translational roadmap that integrates features such as transient CAR expression, safety switches, hypoxia-responsive CAR constructs, and localized (intra-articular) delivery to enhance efficacy while avoiding systemic toxicity. Targeted cellular therapies based on this technology may reshape RA therapy as we know it, dismantling the synovial inflammation \u201cengine\u201d with precision and control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1890594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:36:44Z","timestamp":1783575404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Targeting the synovial engine: next-generation engineered immune cells to eradicate pathogenic FLS in rheumatoid arthritis, with safety-first, selective designs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ashik Anil","family":"Mathew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arulkumaran","family":"Rithvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahaboobkhan","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.301223.eaf","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis development","volume":"34","author":"Venetsanopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221114101","article-title":"Managing inadequate response to initial anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: optimising treatment outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213378","article-title":"Biologic refractory disease in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"77","author":"Kearsley-Fleet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102304","article-title":"Targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Tsaltskan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01527-9","article-title":"Drivers of heterogeneity in synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.709178","article-title":"New insights from single-cell sequencing data: synovial fibroblasts and synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01789-0","article-title":"Rituximab versus tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis: synovial biopsy-based biomarker analysis of the phase 4 R4RA randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"Rivellese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.005","article-title":"From concept to cure: the evolution of CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1461102","article-title":"CAR immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases: promises and challenges","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2026.101075","article-title":"CD19 CAR-T therapy induces remission in refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with ITP and antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Korte","year":"2026","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308917","article-title":"CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in autoimmune disease \u2014 a case series with follow-up","volume":"390","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09113-7","article-title":"CAR T cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Freeley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1545270","article-title":"SynNotch CAR-T cell, when synthetic biology and immunology meet again","volume":"16","author":"Shirzadian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-025-06538-0","article-title":"Expanding the frontier of CAR therapy: comparative insights into CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-M, and CAR-DC approaches","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107392","article-title":"Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: surface markers and phenotypes","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.942417","article-title":"The synovial fluid fibroblast-like synoviocyte: a long-neglected piece in the puzzle of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.90940","article-title":"Lymphatic vessels: roles and potential therapeutic intervention in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1743919","article-title":"Circulating fibroblasts and neutrophils co-expressing CDH11+ and chemokine receptors in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis: a shared mechanism of \u2018arthritis spreading\u2019","volume":"16","author":"Kyriakidi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00793-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis \u2014 immune cell\u2013fibroblast\u2013bone interactions","volume":"18","author":"Komatsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-222021","article-title":"Synovial fibroblasts as potential drug targets in rheumatoid arthritis, where do we stand and where shall we go","volume":"81","author":"N\u00e9meth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.11.009","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"55","author":"Alivernini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.509","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and therapeutic advances","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01323-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of osteoclast activation in inflammatory bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Rauner","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2023.2220931","article-title":"Osteoclast differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"47","author":"Yokota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29851-y","article-title":"Bovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes by metabolic reprogramming","volume":"13","author":"Manosalva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06708-y","article-title":"Deconstruction of rheumatoid arthritis synovium defines inflammatory subtypes","volume":"623","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0413-5","article-title":"Restoring synovial homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"16","author":"Nygaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0378-1","article-title":"Defining inflammatory cell states in rheumatoid arthritis joint synovial tissues by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02913-8","article-title":"Single-cell analysis reveals heterogeneity of juvenile idiopathic arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes with implications for disease subtype","volume":"24","author":"Simonds","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0514","article-title":"Redefinition of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00616-7","article-title":"Role and mechanism of CD90+ fibroblasts in inflammatory diseases and Malignant tumors","volume":"29","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00913-x","article-title":"Extracellular sulfatase-2 is overexpressed in rheumatoid arthritis and mediates the TNF-\u03b1-induced inflammatory activation of synovial fibroblasts","volume":"19","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.922111","article-title":"Two main cellular components in rheumatoid arthritis: communication between T cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the joint synovium","volume":"13","author":"Tu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376925","article-title":"Fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis: novel roles in joint inflammation and beyond","volume":"11","author":"Neofotistou-Themeli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13317-020-00145-x","article-title":"Transformation of fibroblast\u2010like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis; from a friend to foe","volume":"12","author":"Mousavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Highlights"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103197","article-title":"CADHERIN-11 regulation of myeloid phagocytes and autoimmune inflammation in murine lupus","volume":"145","author":"Chavula","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08960-w","article-title":"DLX4 regulates rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasiveness and a cancer transcriptomic signature","volume":"15","author":"Laragione","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065173","article-title":"New insights into the role of synovial fibroblasts leading to joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Matsuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01401-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis severity is mediated by crosstalk between synoviocytes and mature osteoclasts through a calcium and cytokine feedback loop","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081152","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (preclinical)","volume":"18","author":"Bobkova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1230293","article-title":"Advances of the small molecule drugs regulating fibroblast-like synovial proliferation for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.193054","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts modulate T cell activation","volume":"10","author":"Romoff","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.104900","article-title":"Antigen-presenting fibroblasts: emerging players in immune modulation and therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394108","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis: signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and crosstalk with synovial fibroblasts","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13317-020-00135-z","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in rheumatoid arthritis with focus on fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"11","author":"Nejatbakhsh Samimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Highlights"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/953462","article-title":"Apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes: possible roles of nitric oxide and the thioredoxin 1","volume":"2013","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77380-9","article-title":"Chronic exposure to TNF reprograms cell signaling pathways in fibroblast-like synoviocytes by establishing long-term inflammatory memory","volume":"10","author":"Gangishetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.03.003","article-title":"The complement system drives local inflammatory tissue priming by metabolic reprogramming of synovial fibroblasts","volume":"54","author":"Fri\u0161\u010di\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-01009-0","article-title":"Innate immune memory in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Jeljeli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1263-7","article-title":"Distinct fibroblast subsets drive inflammation and damage in arthritis","volume":"570","author":"Croft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01035-3","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune disease","volume":"24","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.268","article-title":"Strategies and challenges for the next generation of antibody\u2013drug conjugates","volume":"16","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-012-0806-7","article-title":"Role of cadherin-11 in synovial joint formation and rheumatoid arthritis pathology","volume":"23","author":"Dou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2024-eular.3504","article-title":"POS0049 detection and characterization of circulating fibroblasts and fibrocytes by single-cell proteomics in patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis [abstract","volume":"83","author":"Kyriakidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05707-8","article-title":"Single-cell multi-dimensional data analysis decodes RNF19A-mediated drug resistance in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes: mechanisms and biological insights","volume":"82","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01081-3","article-title":"Single-cell multimodal analysis identifies common regulatory programs in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis patients and modeled TNF-driven arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Armaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12986","article-title":"Fibroblast pathology in inflammatory joint disease","volume":"302","author":"Marsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03343-4","article-title":"Targeting pathogenic fibroblast-like synoviocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S366620","article-title":"The role of podoplanin in the immune system and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1135384","article-title":"Role and mechanism of fibroblast-activated protein-\u03b1 expression on the surface of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-020-09909-3","article-title":"The role of fibroblast activation protein in health and Malignancy","volume":"39","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2080","article-title":"Fibroblast activation protein is expressed by rheumatoid myofibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"8","author":"Bauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab664","article-title":"Targeting of fibroblast activation protein in rheumatoid arthritis patients: imaging and ex vivo photodynamic therapy","volume":"61","author":"Dorst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05836-3","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation and pilot\u00a0clinical study of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 for PET imaging of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"49","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0524-6","article-title":"Deficiency of fibroblast activation protein alpha ameliorates cartilage destruction in inflammatory destructive arthritis","volume":"17","author":"W\u00e4ldele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2023-0013","article-title":"mRNA vaccine against fibroblast activation protein ameliorates murine models of inflammatory arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130110","article-title":"Immune targeting of fibroblast activation protein triggers recognition of multipotent bone marrow stromal cells and cachexia","volume":"210","author":"Tran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00453","article-title":"Fibroblast activation protein-targeted photodynamic therapy of cancer-associated fibroblasts in murine models for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Dorst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.52720","article-title":"Research progress in the role and mechanism\u00a0of cadherin-11 in different diseases","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0647-9","article-title":"Evidence for cadherin-11 cleavage in the synovium and partial characterization of its mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Noss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019437108","article-title":"Cadherin-11 regulates fibroblast inflammation","volume":"108","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-eular.3028","article-title":"OP0224 results of a phase 2 study of RG6125, an anti-cadherin-11 monoclonal antibody, in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to anti-TNFalpha therapy [abstract","volume":"78","author":"Finch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxac026","article-title":"Cadherin-11 influences differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the extracellular matrix via the TGF\u03b21 pathway","volume":"40","author":"Passanha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1538","article-title":"Cadherin-11 in poor prognosis Malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis: common target, common therapies","volume":"5","author":"Assefnia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137306","article-title":"Cadherin-11 in synovial lining formation and pathology in arthritis","volume":"315","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030707","article-title":"Podoplanin in inflammation and cancer","volume":"20","author":"Quintanilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004114","article-title":"RNA identification of PRIME cells predicting rheumatoid arthritis flares","volume":"383","author":"Orange","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9091971","article-title":"Podoplanin as an attractive target of CAR T cell therapy","volume":"9","author":"Waseda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00132","article-title":"Thy-1\/CD90 a bidirectional and lateral signaling scaffold","volume":"7","author":"Leyton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02892-y","article-title":"Functionally distinct disease-associated fibroblast subsets in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01043-3","article-title":"Single-cell analysis in rheumatic and allergic diseases: insights for clinical practice","volume":"24","author":"Nishide","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.5.1331","article-title":"Expression of Thy-1 on human hematopoietic progenitor cells","volume":"177","author":"Craig","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.41","article-title":"Roles and regulation of Thy\u20101, a context\u2010dependent modulator of cell phenotype","volume":"35","author":"Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.011","article-title":"Precision tumor recognition by T cells with combinatorial antigen-sensing circuits","volume":"164","author":"Roybal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1493329","article-title":"Multi-targeted, NOT gated CAR-T cells as a strategy to protect normal lineages for blood cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"DiAndreth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/5845167","article-title":"Advancements and future directions of dual\u2010target chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell therapy in preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"2025","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.016","article-title":"uPA\/uPAR signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: Shedding light on its mechanism of action","volume":"134","author":"Dinesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12121984","article-title":"The association of uPA, uPAR, and suPAR system with inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis: suPAR as a biomarker in the light of a personalized medicine perspective","volume":"12","author":"Benucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.07.011","article-title":"Collagen-binding integrin \u03b111\u03b21 contributes to joint destruction in arthritic hTNFtg mice","volume":"84","author":"De Giuseppe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-018-0210-x","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced the upregulation of stromal cell-derived factor 1 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes contributes to migration of monocytes into synovium tissue in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1806","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory properties of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) in collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"7","author":"De Klerck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041385","article-title":"Rapid mobilization of murine and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist","volume":"201","author":"Broxmeyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.016","article-title":"Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool by CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling in bone marrow stromal cell niches","volume":"25","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22011","article-title":"CXCR4\/CXCL12 axis: \u201cold\u201d pathway as \u201cnovel\u201d target for anti\u2010inflammatory drug discovery","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03691-9","article-title":"Targeting the CXCL12\/CXCR4 pathway by an optimized derivative or EPI-X4 preserves chondrocyte function and offers a novel therapeutic approach in rheumatic diseases","volume":"27","author":"Ruths","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00585","article-title":"The role of the CXCL12\/CXCR4\/ACKR3 axis in autoimmune diseases","volume":"10","author":"Garc\u00eda-Cuesta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119546","article-title":"Inflammatory mesenchymal stem cells express abundant membrane-bound and soluble forms of C-type lectin-like CD248","volume":"24","author":"Payet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4158","article-title":"Characterisation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from a murine model of joint inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hardy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.577015","article-title":"Tenascin-C in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-019-0093-4","article-title":"Fibroblast-like synovial cell production of extra domain A fibronectin associates with inflammation in osteoarthritis","volume":"3","author":"Kragstrup","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2023.101576","article-title":"Cdh11: Roles in different diseases and potential value in disease diagnosis and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2024.12.637","article-title":"Overexpression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in the stroma of proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate","volume":"57","author":"Caramella-Pereira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathol (Phila)"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160628","article-title":"Dual-targeting of PDPN-expressing synovial fibroblasts and macrophages via CLEC-2-engineered exosomes for osteoarthritis therapy","volume":"507","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02736-7","article-title":"CD34+THY1+ synovial fibroblast subset in arthritic joints has high osteoblastic and chondrogenic potentials in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Noda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.810474","article-title":"Thy-1 (CD90), Integrins and Syndecan 4 are key regulators of skin wound healing","volume":"10","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aea8381","article-title":"uPAR is highly expressed in recurrent glioblastoma and represents a candidate CAR T cell target","volume":"18","author":"Maich","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17203309","article-title":"The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a mediator of physiological and pathological processes: Potential therapeutic strategies","volume":"17","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1178172","article-title":"Targeting the chemokine receptor CXCR4 with histamine analog to reduce inflammation in juvenile arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Bekaddour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303300","article-title":"CXCR4\u2010expressing mesenchymal stem cells derived nanovesicles for rheumatoid arthritis treatment","volume":"13","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.799206","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of target antigens of CAR-T reveals a potential landscape of \u201con-target, off-tumor toxicity","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03050-3","article-title":"Three-dimensional spatial transcriptomics uncovers cell type localizations in the human rheumatoid arthritis synovium","volume":"5","author":"Vickovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188835","article-title":"A novel 3D spheroid model of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue incorporating fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages","volume":"14","author":"Philippon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2011.01656.x","article-title":"Interleukin\u20106 upregulates expression of ADAMTS\u20104 in fibroblast\u2010like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Mimata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2222-z","article-title":"Notch signalling drives synovial fibroblast identity and arthritis pathology","volume":"582","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.12.009","article-title":"Development and validation of gene therapies in autoimmune diseases: Epidemiology to animal models","volume":"9","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225778","article-title":"ITGA5+ synovial fibroblasts orchestrate proinflammatory niche formation by remodelling the local immune microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"84","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01197-3","article-title":"A subset of ITGA5+ synovial fibroblasts alter the inflammatory niche in RA","volume":"21","author":"Webster","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-024-09513-5","article-title":"Integration of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing revealed immune heterogeneity and its association with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"72","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15120622","article-title":"Biopsy-driven synovial pathophenotyping in RA: A new approach to personalized treatment","volume":"15","author":"Ketabchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000905","article-title":"High rate of durable complete remission in follicular lymphoma after CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy","volume":"134","author":"Hirayama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-180547","article-title":"CD19-targeted CAR-T cells in refractory systemic autoimmune diseases: A monocentric experience from the first fifteen patients","volume":"142","author":"Mueller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221988","article-title":"Self-regulating CAR-T cells modulate cytokine release syndrome in adoptive T-cell therapy","volume":"221","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1546-z","article-title":"Targeting cardiac fibrosis with engineered T cells","volume":"573","author":"Aghajanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2021.12.009","article-title":"Roadmap to affinity-tuned antibodies for enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T cell function and selectivity","volume":"40","author":"Vander Mause","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004185","article-title":"To go or not to go? Biological logic gating engineered T cells","volume":"10","author":"Abbott","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-023-00827-0","article-title":"Tuning spacer length improves the functionality of the nanobody-based VEGFR2 CAR T cell","volume":"24","author":"Taheri","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Bio\/Technol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102931","article-title":"CAR-T design: Elements and their synergistic function","volume":"58","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2559","article-title":"Combined CD28 and 4-1BB costimulation potentiates affinity-tuned chimeric antigen receptor\u2013engineered T cells","volume":"25","author":"Drent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1465191","article-title":"Application of novel CAR technologies to improve treatment of autoimmune disease","volume":"15","author":"Cheever","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04170-z","article-title":"BCMA-directed mRNA CAR-T cell therapy for myasthenia gravis: Exploratory biomarker analysis of a placebo-controlled phase 2b trial","volume":"32","author":"Fedak","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3280","article-title":"Biochemical markers of ongoing joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis - current and future applications, limitations and opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Karsdal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0189","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of intratumoral injections of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in metastatic breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Tchou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1358668","article-title":"The role and novel use of natural killer cells in graft-versus-leukemia reactions after allogeneic transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Hadjis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02005-w","article-title":"Comprehensive snapshots of natural killer cells functions, signaling, molecular mechanisms and clinical utilization","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-11407-0","article-title":"Redefining cell therapy: CAR-engineered innate immune cells to conquer solid and hematologic Malignancies","volume":"53","author":"Mathew","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00633-8","article-title":"The clinical landscape of CAR NK cells","volume":"14","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03351-5","article-title":"A chimeric antigen receptor tailored to integrate complementary activation signals potentiates the antitumor activity of NK cells","volume":"44","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S253565","article-title":"DNAM1 and 2B4 costimulatory domains enhance the cytotoxicity of anti-GPC3 chimeric antigen receptor-modified natural killer cells against hepatocellular cancer cells in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1226518","article-title":"Engineering NK-CAR.19 cells with the IL-15\/IL-15R\u03b1 complex improved proliferation and anti-tumor effect in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Silvestre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-173582","article-title":"A phase 1 study of NKX101, a chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy, with fludarabine and cytarabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"142","author":"Sauter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35127-2","article-title":"Quadruple gene-engineered natural killer cells enable multi-antigen targeting for durable antitumor activity against multiple myeloma","volume":"13","author":"Cichocki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02462-0","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells in B-cell lymphoma: A phase 1, first-in-human trial","volume":"405","author":"Ghobadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016205","article-title":"Engineered and banked iPSCs for advanced NK- and T-cell immunotherapies","volume":"141","author":"Cichocki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050999","article-title":"Cadherin-11 induces rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes to form lining layers in vitro","volume":"168","author":"Kiener","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15010117","article-title":"CAR-NK as a rapidly developed and efficient immunotherapeutic strategy against cancer","volume":"15","author":"W\u0142odarczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910607","article-title":"Use of CAR-transduced natural killer cells in CD19-positive lymphoid tumors","volume":"382","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25059","article-title":"Identification of citrullinated vimentin peptides as T cell epitopes in HLA\u2013DR4\u2013positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Feitsma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3848","article-title":"T-cell autoreactivity to citrullinated autoantigenic peptides in rheumatoid arthritis patients carrying HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles","volume":"14","author":"Law","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00713-y","article-title":"A systematic safety pipeline for selection of T-cell receptors to enter clinical use","volume":"8","author":"Foldvari","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.850358","article-title":"Emerging strategies in TCR-engineered T cells","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-025-03125-y","article-title":"T cell engagers: expanding horizons in oncology and beyond","volume":"133","author":"Albayrak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01084-4","article-title":"Bispecific T cell engagers: an emerging therapy for management of hematologic Malignancies","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02964-1","article-title":"Bispecific T cell engager therapy for refractory rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Bucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061167","article-title":"Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in inflammation and disease: a unique inflammatory pathway activator","volume":"12","author":"Hamada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2403-9","article-title":"Senolytic CAR T cells reverse senescence-associated pathologies","volume":"583","author":"Amor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27701","article-title":"CD248 and its cytoplasmic domain: a therapeutic target for arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Maia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0462-y","article-title":"Human chimeric antigen receptor macrophages for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Klichinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13237-025-00618-2","article-title":"CAR T cells beyond cancer: emerging applications in autoimmunity and infectious diseases","volume":"68","author":"Mathew","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00637-2","article-title":"CAR macrophages: a promising novel immunotherapy for solid tumors and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"biomark Res"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00549-9","article-title":"The next frontier in immunotherapy: potential and challenges of CAR-macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62506-2","article-title":"Lung metastasis and recurrence is mitigated by CAR macrophages, in-situ-generated from mRNA delivered by small extracellular vesicles","volume":"16","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03887-x","article-title":"Advancements in extracellular vesicle targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: insights into cellular origins, current perspectives, and emerging challenges","volume":"15","author":"Jouybari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800304","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal cell\u2013derived miRNA-150-5p\u2013expressing exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis mediated by the modulation of MMP14 and VEGF","volume":"201","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-024-01068-2","article-title":"Fourth-generation chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is tolerable and efficacious in treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53996-7","article-title":"Improved safety of chimeric antigen receptor T cells indirectly targeting antigens via switchable adapters","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines14061276","article-title":"In vivo mRNA-lipid nanoparticle CAR-T cell engineering: advances, challenges, and clinical translation","volume":"14","author":"Yadav","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01174-1","article-title":"In vivo CAR engineering for immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102282","article-title":"Multiplexed iPSC platform for advanced NK cell immunotherapies","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01741-4","article-title":"Genome engineering of induced pluripotent stem cells to manufacture natural killer cell therapies","volume":"11","author":"Shankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0259-9","article-title":"Macrophages get a CAR","volume":"20","author":"Villanueva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123300","article-title":"Exploring the potential of CAR-macrophage therapy","volume":"361","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2408786","article-title":"BCMA-targeted T-cell\u2013engager therapy for autoimmune disease","volume":"391","author":"Hagen","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008566","article-title":"Systemically administered low-affinity HER2 CAR T cells mediate antitumor efficacy without toxicity","volume":"12","author":"Shabaneh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-04089-x","article-title":"Tuning the ignition of CAR: optimizing the affinity of scFv to improve CAR-T therapy","volume":"79","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0945","article-title":"Tuning the antigen density requirement for CAR T-cell activity","volume":"10","author":"Majzner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41434-021-00220-6","article-title":"Targeted multi-epitope switching enables straightforward positive\/negative selection of CAR T cells","volume":"28","author":"Mosti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27389","article-title":"EGFR806-CAR T cells selectively target a tumor-restricted EGFR epitope in glioblastoma","volume":"10","author":"Ravanpay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.930112","article-title":"How RA associated HLA-DR molecules contribute to the development of antibodies to citrullinated proteins: the hapten carrier model","volume":"13","author":"Roudier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1616618","article-title":"Targeting fibroblast activation protein in rheumatoid arthritis: from molecular imaging to precision therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01886-1","article-title":"Glycosylation: mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioteChadv.2023.108206","article-title":"Glycosylation shapes the efficacy and safety of diverse protein, gene and cell therapies","volume":"67","author":"Rocamora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1698442","article-title":"Engineering the next generation of CAR T- cells: precision modifications, logic gates and universal strategies to overcome exhaustion and tumor resistance","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Robledo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-023-00828-w","article-title":"CAR T cell design: approaching the elusive AND-gate","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2026.104619","article-title":"Engineering strategies and therapeutic applications of synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors in cancer therapeutics","volume":"31","author":"Gholap","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1407992","article-title":"Fully equipped CARs to address tumor heterogeneity, enhance safety, and improve the functionality of cellular immunotherapies","volume":"15","author":"Alviano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6270","article-title":"Precise T cell recognition programs designed by transcriptionally linking multiple receptors","volume":"370","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1746673","article-title":"Smart control of CAR-T cells: emerging strategies for safer and more effective cancer immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006597","article-title":"PD-1\u2013 and CTLA-4\u2013based inhibitory chimeric antigen receptors (iCARs) divert off-target immunotherapy responses","volume":"5","author":"Fedorov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101561","article-title":"NOT-gated chimeric antigen receptor circuits in T and NK cells","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adq4060","article-title":"Coordinate tumor-antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation by chimeric antigen receptors","volume":"17","author":"Mohammadzadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01905-0","article-title":"Adapter CAR T cells to counteract T-cell exhaustion and enable flexible targeting in AML","volume":"37","author":"Nixdorf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114358","article-title":"Advances in modular control of CAR-T therapy with adapter-mediated CARs","volume":"187","author":"McCue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02351-2","article-title":"Rational combinatorial targeting by adapter CAR-T-cells (AdCAR-T) prevents antigen escape in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"38","author":"Atar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00823-2","article-title":"FGFR4-specific CAR-T cells with inducible caspase-9 suicide gene as an approach to treat rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"31","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0071","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cell with an inducible caspase-9 suicide gene eradicates uveal melanoma liver metastases via B7-H3 targeting","volume":"30","author":"Ventin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.07.001","article-title":"Efficacy of HSV-TK\/GCV system suicide gene therapy using SHED expressing modified HSV-TK against lung cancer brain metastases","volume":"26","author":"Oishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.06.004","article-title":"Ligand-induced degradation of a CAR permits reversible remote control of CAR T cell activity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"28","author":"Richman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.07.016","article-title":"Dual-locus, dual-HDR editing permits efficient generation of antigen-specific regulatory T cells with robust suppressive activity","volume":"31","author":"Hunt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54150-z","article-title":"Split-design approach enhances the therapeutic efficacy of ligand-based CAR-T cells against multiple B-cell Malignancies","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005956","article-title":"Dasatinib for treatment of CAR T-cell therapy-related complications","volume":"10","author":"Baur","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106329","article-title":"Locoregional delivery of CAR-T cells in the clinic","volume":"182","author":"Sagnella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17091118","article-title":"Advances in intra-articular injection hydrogel drug delivery systems in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.010","article-title":"Intra-articular targeting of nanomaterials for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"93","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8110723","article-title":"Thermosensitive in situ gels for joint disorders: pharmaceutical considerations in intra-articular delivery","volume":"8","author":"Koland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01525-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"402","author":"Di Matteo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05340-9","article-title":"Sentinel joint scoring in rheumatoid arthritis: an individualized power Doppler assessment strategy","volume":"40","author":"Kuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.222052","article-title":"68 Ga-FAPI PET\/CT for rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study","volume":"307","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.179","article-title":"Current view of glucocorticoid co-therapy with DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Hoes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16676-2","article-title":"Effect of a treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"364","author":"Grigor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1100869","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors as promising targets in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Murayama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/s53","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors in arthritis","author":"Szekanecz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181ee6675","article-title":"Enhanced tumor trafficking of GD2 chimeric antigen receptor T cells by expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2b","volume":"33","author":"Craddock","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11869-4","article-title":"CXCR1- or CXCR2-modified CAR T cells co-opt IL-8 for maximal antitumor efficacy in solid tumors","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-209650","article-title":"T lymphocytes coexpressing CCR4 and a chimeric antigen receptor targeting CD30 have improved homing and antitumor activity in a Hodgkin tumor model","volume":"113","author":"Di Stasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00326","article-title":"Emerging approaches for regulation and control of CAR T cells: a mini review","volume":"11","author":"Brandt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124430","article-title":"Sensitive and adaptable pharmacological control of CAR T cells through extracellular receptor dimerization","volume":"4","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122387","article-title":"Modifying CAR-T cells with anti-checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: a focus on anti PD-1\/PD-L1 antibodies","volume":"338","author":"Najafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47799-z","article-title":"CAR affinity modulates the sensitivity of CAR-T cells to PD-1\/PD-L1-mediated inhibition","volume":"15","author":"Andreu-Saumell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx7845","article-title":"Armored human CAR Treg cells with PD1 promoter-driven IL-10 have enhanced suppressive function","volume":"11","author":"Boardman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01509-2","article-title":"Solid tumour CAR-T cells engineered with fusion proteins targeting PD-L1 for localized IL-12 delivery","volume":"10","author":"Murad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02060-8","article-title":"IL-10-expressing CAR T cells resist dysfunction and mediate durable clearance of solid tumors and metastases","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001287","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor\u2013T cells with cytokine neutralizing capacity","volume":"4","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.11.028","article-title":"Soluble CTLA-4 attenuates T cell activation and modulates anti-tumor immunity","volume":"32","author":"Kennedy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2312374120","article-title":"Dual-inhibitory domain iCARs improve the efficiency of the AND-NOT gate CAR T strategy","volume":"120","author":"Bangayan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0281-0","article-title":"Hypoxia and its implications in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Qui\u00f1onez-Flores","year":"2016","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03647-z","article-title":"The glycolysis-HIF-1\u03b1 axis induces IL-1\u03b2 of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"27","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213103","article-title":"Hexokinase 2 as a novel selective metabolic target for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"77","author":"Bustamante","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2017.751","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible tumour-specific promoters as a dual-targeting transcriptional regulation system for cancer gene therapy","volume":"11","author":"Javan","year":"2017","journal-title":"ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-1038","article-title":"Hypoxia-responsive CAR-T cells exhibit reduced exhaustion and enhanced efficacy in solid tumors","volume":"84","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-026-01124-3","article-title":"Hypoxia-responsive CEA-targeted CAR T cells in CEA-positive solid tumors through intraperitoneal or intravenous infusion: a phase 1 trial","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00219H","article-title":"mRNA-based CAR T-cells manufactured by miniaturized two-step electroporation produce selective cytotoxicity toward target cancer cells","volume":"21","author":"Jayasooriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2509522","article-title":"In vivo CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"393","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01653-8","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-01170-7","article-title":"CAR-macrophages in solid tumors: promise, progress, and prospects","volume":"9","author":"Alrehaili","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174318","article-title":"Current progress of CAR-NK therapy in cancer treatment","volume":"14","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00222-X","article-title":"Fractionated initial infusion and booster dose of ARI0002h, a humanised, BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy, for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTBCMA-HCB-01): a single-arm, multicentre, academic pilot study","volume":"24","author":"Oliver-Cald\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017414","article-title":"How I treat refractory CRS and ICANS following CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"141","author":"Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26030965","article-title":"Optimal chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-mRNA for transient CAR T cell generation","volume":"26","author":"Kitte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0170","article-title":"Mesothelin-specific chimeric antigen receptor mRNA-engineered T cells induce antitumor activity in solid Malignancies","volume":"2","author":"Beatty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0006","article-title":"T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors can cause anaphylaxis in humans","volume":"1","author":"Maus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-01159-x","article-title":"Application of CAR-T cell therapy targeting mesothelin in\u00a0solid tumor treatment","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-294520","article-title":"Immune responses to transgene and retroviral vector in patients treated with ex vivo\u2013engineered T cells","volume":"117","author":"Lamers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886546","article-title":"Immunogenicity of CAR-T cell therapeutics: evidence, mechanism and mitigation","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85309","article-title":"CD19 CAR\u2013T cells of defined CD4+:CD8+ composition in adult B cell ALL patients","volume":"126","author":"Turtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006418","article-title":"Optimal fludarabine lymphodepletion is associated with improved outcomes after CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"6","author":"Fabrizio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0343-9","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Shimabukuro-Vornhagen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.119","article-title":"CD24: from A to Z","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02659-x","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue using low-cost microfluidic instrumentation","volume":"9","author":"Stephenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01109","article-title":"CAR-T cells hit the tumor microenvironment: strategies to overcome tumor escape","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2689","article-title":"Hypoxia upregulates angiogenesis and synovial cell migration in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Akhavani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188049","article-title":"From bench to bedside: the history and progress of CAR T cell therapy","volume":"14","author":"Mitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.011","article-title":"Engineering T cells with customized therapeutic response programs using synthetic Notch receptors","volume":"167","author":"Roybal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-11-4564","article-title":"An inducible caspase 9 safety switch for T-cell therapy","volume":"105","author":"Straathof","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19486-2","article-title":"In vitro-transcribed antigen receptor mRNA nanocarriers for transient expression in circulating T cells in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Parayath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab4077","article-title":"Remote control of therapeutic T cells through a small molecule\u2013gated chimeric receptor","volume":"350","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60987-9","article-title":"Deep molecular profiling of synovial biopsies in the STRAP trial identifies signatures predictive of treatment response to biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Lewis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj6251","article-title":"Enhancing the safety of CAR-T cell therapy: Synthetic genetic switch for spatiotemporal control","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Adv"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1890594\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:36:47Z","timestamp":1783575407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1890594\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":258,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1890594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1890594","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"article-number":"1890594"}}