{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:59:58Z","timestamp":1792184398848,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic low-grade inflammation is a pathophysiological hallmark of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Regular physical exercise is recognized as an effective strategy to mitigate systemic inflammation; However, existing evidence is primarily derived from systematic reviews focused on specific populations or single biomarkers, resulting in a fragmented evidence base with inconsistent methodological quality. A comprehensive evaluation of the overall quality and certainty of the evidence remains lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This umbrella review was conducted in accordance with standard guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to January 2026 to identify meta-analyses examining the effects of exercise interventions on inflammatory biomarkers. Two independent reviewers performed literature screening and data extraction. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was graded according to the GRADE framework. The review focused on populations with diverse health statuses, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of exercise on multiple inflammatory biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 61 meta-analyses were included, encompassing 318 meta-analytic associations (unique exercise-biomarker-population combinations). Of these, 145 (45.6%) showed statistically significant effects of exercise on inflammatory markers. The overall certainty of evidence was generally low: only 10 (3.1%) were rated high quality, 89 (28.0%) moderate quality, and the remaining 219 (68.9%) low or very low quality. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the inflammation-modulating effects of exercise across populations with different health statuses. In most chronic diseases, exercise demonstrated a distinct anti-inflammatory trend. However, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and fibromyalgia, exercise may transiently elevate certain inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This umbrella review suggests that exercise is associated with changes in circulating inflammatory biomarkers across diverse populations, though the certainty of the evidence is generally low to very low. In chronic disease populations, reductions in CRP, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 are generally interpreted as reflecting an attenuation of systemic inflammatory burden, though this interpretation should not be automatically extended to acute post-exercise changes in healthy individuals. Certain exercise modalities showed larger effect sizes in specific populations, but these associations should not be interpreted as evidence of superiority, as the comparisons were indirect, effect sizes may be inflated by the small-study effect, and circulating biomarkers cannot distinguish modality-specific neuromuscular adaptations. Caution is warranted for COPD and fibromyalgia, where exercise may paradoxically trigger acute inflammatory responses. Given the low certainty of evidence and heterogeneity in exercise protocols, the findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive, and are intended to inform future research rather than to serve as practice guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier, CRD420251236842.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1892544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:42:19Z","timestamp":1787676139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of exercise on inflammatory biomarkers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports and Physical Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports and Physical Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports and Physical Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixing","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports and Physical Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports and Physical Education, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shanxi, China"]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.010","article-title":"Homeostasis, inflammation, and disease susceptibility","volume":"160","author":"Kotas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3790","article-title":"A guiding map for inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Netea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00021.2024","article-title":"Low-grade chronic inflammation: a shared mechanism for chronic diseases","volume":"40","author":"Cifuentes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol (Bethesda Md)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867329666220430131018","article-title":"Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation and modern lifestyle: the dark role of gut microbiota on related diseases with a focus on COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"29","author":"Mundula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29650-5","article-title":"Genetic analysis of over half a million people characterises C-reactive protein loci","volume":"13","author":"Said","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1014778","article-title":"Molecular tracking of insulin resistance and inflammation development on visceral adipose tissue","volume":"14","author":"Bensussen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13219","article-title":"Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation-mediating treatment options (review)","volume":"29","author":"Varra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01607","article-title":"Chronic adipose tissue inflammation linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Zatterale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318213fefb","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise","volume":"43","author":"Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01307","article-title":"Physical exercise-induced myokines and muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk: a review of current knowledge and the implications for health and metabolic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Leal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47458-3","article-title":"Early-life exercise induces immunometabolic epigenetic modification enhancing anti-inflammatory immunity in middle-aged male mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800420958068","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise on metabolic syndrome patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Alizaei Yousefabadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.08.025","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of physical exercise in inflammatory biomarkers in people with depression: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1253329","article-title":"Long-term exercise training and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy subjects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-302659\/v1","article-title":"A comparison of two assessment tools used in overviews of systematic reviews: ROBIS versus AMSTAR-2","volume":"10","author":"Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Systematic Rev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res Ed)"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5024","article-title":"Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes","volume":"359","author":"Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res Ed)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071609","article-title":"Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review","volume":"381","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res Ed)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007","article-title":"Systematic review finds overlapping reviews were not mentioned in every other overview","volume":"67","author":"Pieper","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.09.002","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials revisited","volume":"45","author":"DerSimonian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.366","article-title":"Combined aerobic and resistance training improves body composition, alters cardiometabolic risk, and ameliorates cancer-related indicators in breast cancer patients and survivors with overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17525","article-title":"Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.838069","article-title":"Changes in cytokines concentration following long-distance running: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13070795","article-title":"Effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in individuals with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Bai\u00e3o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262534","article-title":"The exercise-induced inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2024.103040","article-title":"Inflammation and physical activity in multiple sclerosis patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Bellisario","year":"2024","journal-title":"Complementary Therapies Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaf062","article-title":"Effects of exercise on inflammation in female survivors of nonmetastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Bettariga","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Institute"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010043","article-title":"Exercise-based interventions in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Bogataj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6660557","article-title":"Effects of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"2020","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longevity"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.086","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on inflammatory, neurotrophic and immunological markers and neurotransmitters in people with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"326","author":"da Cunha","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101656","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training through reducing inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokine levels in overweight\/obese populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complementary Therapies Clin Pract"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2022.0007","article-title":"Effectiveness of resistance exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/011573403x269909240320061952","article-title":"Pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers responses after aerobic training in heart transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Franzoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1558214","article-title":"The effect of exercise therapy on pain, fatigue, bone function and inflammatory biomarkers individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and knee osteoarthritis: a meta-research review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107732","article-title":"The effects of aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers in adult tobacco smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"231","author":"Ghojazadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3924018","article-title":"The effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in PCOS women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"2023","author":"Hafizi Moori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00146-2020","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise training on asthma in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Hansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14315","article-title":"The effect of exercise training programs with aerobic components on C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and self-assessed disease activity in people with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Harpham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Rheumatic Dis"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004221132841","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Hejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111424","article-title":"Biomarkers for evaluating the effects of exercise interventions in patients with MCI or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3960-0","article-title":"Effects of physical exercises on inflammatory biomarkers and cardiopulmonary function in patients living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ibeneme","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2023.156303","article-title":"Influence of different modes of exercise training on inflammatory markers in older adults with and without chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Khalafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13754","article-title":"The impact of high-intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in metabolic disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Khalafi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scandinavian J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.08.187","article-title":"Exercise training, circulating cytokine levels and immune function in cancer survivors: a meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Khosravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behavior Immun"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-023-10451-0","article-title":"Exercise training improves brachial artery endothelial function, but does not alter inflammatory biomarkers in patients with peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v15.i6.1353","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2024.12.003","article-title":"Effects of exercise on the hepcidin inflammatory status and markers of iron metabolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13060168","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of exercise on inflammation markers in musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Lo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0000000000002076","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on C-reactive protein in menopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"29","author":"Loaiza-Betancur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Menopause (New York NY)"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02069-6","article-title":"The impact of physical activity on blood inflammatory cytokines and neuroprotective factors in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2023.101234","article-title":"The impacts of exercise interventions on inflammaging markers in overweight\/obesity patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"47","author":"Malandish","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasculature"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.02.009","article-title":"Impacts of exercise interventions on inflammatory markers and vascular adhesion molecules in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"5","author":"Malandish","year":"2023","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2019.100948","article-title":"Potential benefits of yoga in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Moeckel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2024.105731","article-title":"The influence of resistance training on inflammatory markers, body composition and functional capacity in healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Nejatian Hoseinpour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Gerontology Geriatrics"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2023.156157","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Papagianni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B59","first-page":"22","article-title":"Exercise-induced effects on inflammatory markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Puts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exercise Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202301619r","article-title":"Beyond muscles: investigating immunoregulatory myokines in acute resistance exercise - a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Ringleb","year":"2024","journal-title":"FASEB Journal: Off Publ Fed Am Societies For Exp Biol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100231","article-title":"Are we missing the target? Are we aiming too low? What are the aerobic exercise prescriptions and their effects on markers of cardiovascular health and systemic inflammation in patients with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Schulz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00814-9","article-title":"IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 responses to acute and regular exercise in adult individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Shobeiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2024.152377","article-title":"Effects of exercise-based interventions on inflammatory markers in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Suso-Mart\u00ed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2024.103119","article-title":"Can exercise as a complementary technique manage inflammatory markers in women with breast cancer who are overweight and obese? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Complementary Therapies Med"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112310","article-title":"Effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Gerontology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01279-z","article-title":"Impact of aerobic exercise on chronic inflammation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Tayebi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032832","article-title":"Does chronic high-intensity endurance training have an effect on cardiovascular markers of active populations and athletes? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Tesema","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1735684","article-title":"Exercise and inflammation in coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"38","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00262-x","article-title":"Redox homeostasis and inflammation responses to training in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Varamenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1663560","article-title":"Effects of different exercise prescription parameters on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in cancer patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B71","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise on inflammatory factors in healthy adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1575580","article-title":"Exercise interventions of \u22658 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000025019","article-title":"Effectiveness of resistance exercises in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1385902","article-title":"Effectiveness of resistance training in modulating inflammatory biomarkers among Asian patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031783","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the influence on inflammatory factors in type 2 diabetes among middle-aged and elderly patients by various exercise modalities","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.62347\/zhgd4216","article-title":"Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/25787489.2021.1975448","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on muscle strength, body composition and immune-inflammatory markers in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Zanetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"HIV Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-025-01219-4","article-title":"The effect of exercise on asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Zha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1612674","article-title":"Physical exercise as a potential adjuvant therapy: effects on inflammation and nutrition in colorectal cancer patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00098","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in healthy middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1137697\/v1","article-title":"Effects of exercise on inflammatory factors and IGF system in breast cancer survivors: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70308h","article-title":"In vivo microdialysis sampling of adipokines CCL2, IL-6, and leptin in the mammary fat pad of adult female rats","volume":"10","author":"Bajpai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Biosyst"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16573","article-title":"Exercise recommendations and practical considerations for asthma management-an EAACI position paper","volume":"80","author":"Price","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020350","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on the autonomic nervous system with a focus on anti-inflammatory and antioxidants effects","volume":"11","author":"Daniela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2021.106604","article-title":"The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor GSK2256294 decreases the proportion of adipose pro-inflammatory T cells","volume":"158","author":"Mashayekhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediators"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1488668","article-title":"Sialylation inhibition improves macrophage mediated tumor cell phagocytosis of breast cancer cells triggered by therapeutic antibodies of different isotypes","volume":"14","author":"Lustig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70034","article-title":"Exercise-induced cytokines, diet, and inflammation and their role in adipose tissue metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Al-Ibraheem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2025.12210","article-title":"Hormonal predictors of the insulin sensitive phenotype in humans","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules Biomedicine"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/393946","article-title":"The expression and functions of toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis","volume":"2010","author":"Cole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B90","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Brenol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev da Associacao Med Bras (1992)"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196755","article-title":"Inflammatory signatures distinguish metabolic health in African American women with obesity","volume":"13","author":"Denis","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000004047","article-title":"Biomarkers of microbial translocation and generalized inflammation are associated with frailty among people with HIV","volume":"39","author":"Ruderman","year":"2025","journal-title":"AIDS (London England)"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-2-70","article-title":"Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders: an update","volume":"2","author":"Wiernsperger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndrome"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00438-9","article-title":"Pathophysiology of myopenia in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00086","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment for microvascular and secondary complications of diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"Davey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03743-6","article-title":"Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improved obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet induced obese mice","volume":"22","author":"Abudujilile","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Med Ther"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1554392","article-title":"Insulin resistance as a mediator of the association between obesity, high-intensity binge drinking, and liver enzyme abnormalities in young and middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8563845","article-title":"Targeting early atherosclerosis: a focus on oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"2019","author":"Marchio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longevity"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh-19-297","article-title":"Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"7","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41252","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Ajibowo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278039","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1278039","article-title":"Relationship of quercetin intake and oxidative stress in persistent COVID","volume":"10","author":"Mat\u00edas-P\u00e9rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13578","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and HIF crosstalk in immune responses","volume":"283","author":"D'Ignazio","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B103","article-title":"Inflammation and C-reactive protein in cardiovascular disease","volume":"129","author":"Munk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening Tidsskrift For Praktisk Medicin Ny Raekke"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01298-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of physical exercise for people with chronic diseases: the EFIKRONIK study protocol for a hybrid, clinical and implementation randomized trial","volume":"21","author":"Arietaleanizbeaskoa","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Family Pract"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.10.018","article-title":"Adiponectin and metabolic cardiovascular diseases: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130971","article-title":"Multi-biomarkers for early detection of type 2 diabetes, including 10- and 12-(Z,E)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin","volume":"10","author":"Umeno","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.02.010","article-title":"Epigenetic changes associated with inflammation in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behavior Immun"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10071064","article-title":"Over-expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3260278","article-title":"Inhibition of rheumatoid arthritis using bark, leaf, and male flower extracts of Eucommia ulmoides","volume":"2020","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary Altern Med eCAM"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23359","article-title":"Objective measurements of physical activity and sedentary behavior using wearable devices in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: Protocol for a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Carlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146351","article-title":"Serum vitamin D level and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: Review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22577","article-title":"Role of sleep disturbance, depression, obesity, and physical inactivity in fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Katz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109502","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/10766_77","article-title":"Exercise as a mean to control low-grade systemic inflammation","volume":"2008","author":"Mathur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mediators Inflammation"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujps.2009.08.011","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: From treatment to rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Imamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (London England)"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15212702","article-title":"Descending pain modulation in fibromyalgia: A short review of mechanisms and biomarkers","volume":"15","author":"Carneiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R992","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1772","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis function and the relationship with chronic widespread pain and its antecedents","volume":"7","author":"McBeth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s582480","article-title":"Association between clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers in first-episode unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"22","author":"Guan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20140172","article-title":"HOMA-IR values are associated with glycemic control in Japanese subjects without diabetes or obesity: The KOBE study","volume":"25","author":"Hirata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6041725","article-title":"Obesity and lifespan health--importance of the fetal environment","volume":"6","author":"Tarantal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124251","article-title":"A synthetic cell-penetrating heparin-binding peptide derived from BMP4 with anti-inflammatory and chondrogenic functions for the treatment of arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2025.187","article-title":"Gnetofuran A enhances osteoblast differentiation through the p38 signaling pathway","volume":"33","author":"Piao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules Ther"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1554062","article-title":"Inflammation and depression: An evolutionary framework for the role of physical activity and exercise","volume":"16","author":"Carrera-Bastos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1892544\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:42:21Z","timestamp":1787676141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1892544\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1892544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1892544","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"article-number":"1892544"}}