{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:07:12Z","timestamp":1784700432794,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) autoantibodies (AIGAs) syndrome is an emerging adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) associated with opportunistic infections and immune dysregulation. Pericardial effusion as a direct manifestation of this syndrome is rarely reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 46-year-old man with a history of\n                      <jats:italic>Talaromyces marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TM) infection and clinically suspected pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic>nontuberculous mycobacterial<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NTM) disease presented with rapid-onset massive pericardial effusion. The NTM diagnosis was not microbiologically confirmed, as the patient declined bronchoscopy. Pericardial fluid analysis revealed a high inflammatory cell count and an anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody titer of 1:2500, identical to serum, despite a negative microbiological workup and no definitive evidence of malignancy on available cytological evaluation. The patient responded well to corticosteroids and anti-NTM therapy, with complete resolution of effusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case highlights pericardial effusion as a potential immune-mediated complication of AIGAs syndrome. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis in patients with unexplained serositis and a history of opportunistic infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1894750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:55:58Z","timestamp":1784699758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid-onset massive immune-mediated pericardial effusion in a patient with anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fushou","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feixiang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nanning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1111160","article-title":"Adult-onset immunodeficiency in Thailand and Taiwan","volume":"367","author":"Browne","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-08-452482","article-title":"Anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies in adults with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are associated with HLA-DRB1*16:02 and HLA-DQB1*05:02 and the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection","volume":"121","author":"Chi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10690-3","article-title":"Clinical manifestations in patients with anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies syndrome and Talaromyces marneffei infection: a prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12763","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of pericarditis: a systematic review","volume":"314","author":"Imazio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.92177","article-title":"Pericardial effusion: overview of aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"17","author":"Shanker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2396887","article-title":"Clinical immunological characteristics of anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies syndrome: a 3 year prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10217-2","article-title":"Multiple pathogen infections accompanied with ocular pathologies in a patient with high-titer anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09003-x","article-title":"Multiple intracellular pathogen infections with ocular pathologies associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Ning","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12932\/ap0305.31.4.2013","article-title":"Pericardial fluid profiles of pericardial effusion in systemic sclerosis patients","volume":"31","author":"Kitchongcharoenying","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308100659","article-title":"The spectrum of clinical manifestations, outcome and treatment of pericardial tamponade in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2665-9913(24)00022-5","article-title":"Proliferative features of IgG4-related disease","volume":"6","author":"Katz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2024.2407224","article-title":"The immunological pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease categorized by clinical characteristics","volume":"48","author":"Akiyama","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1894750\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:55:59Z","timestamp":1784699759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1894750\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1894750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1894750","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"article-number":"1894750"}}